Rock and minerals Flashcards
Mineral
a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical structure.
Rock
A naturally occurring solid mixture of one it more minerals or organic matter.
Element
A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Crystal
A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern.
Color
Usually, the first characteristic noticed about a mineral, but generally not reliable.
Luster
The way in which a mineral reflects light.
Steak
The color of the power of a mineral
Cleavage
The slitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces
Fracture
A manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces.
Density
The ratio of mass of a substance to the volume.
Ore
A natural material whose concentration of eco-nomocally valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably.
Metallic minerals
They have a shiny surface and don’t let light pass through them. They are also good conductors for heat and electricity.
Non-metallic minerals
They have shiny or dull surfaces, may let light pass through them, and are good insulators of electricity.
Gemstones
Gemstones are highly valued but must be durable, these include, diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, aquamarine, topaz, and tourmaline.
