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rock and minerals Flashcards

1
Q

composed of rocks and minerals

A

Terrestrial planet

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2
Q

outermost layer of our planet composed of the crust and the upper mantle

A

Lithosphere

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3
Q

Naturally-occurring aggregate or combination of minerals and mineraloids, such as fossils and glass.

A

rock

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4
Q

What are the types of rock

A

Igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock

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5
Q

are formed through cooling of magma or lava.

from solidified molten rock materials, usually hard and crystalline

A

Igneous rock

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6
Q 
good crystallization (coarse-grained)
 may become plutonic rocks or intrusive rocks
A

from a slow-cooling magma:Below the surface

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7
Q

from the consolidation of particles erupted by explosive volcanic activity

A

from fast cooling lava:On the surface

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8
Q

may become pyroclastic rocks

A

On the surface:from the consolidation of particles erupted by explosive volcanic activity

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9
Q

combination of products of weathering and erosion, and organic materials.

A

Sedimentary Rock

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10
Q

process by which these unconsolidated material become solidified

A

LITHIFICATION

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11
Q

Soil material that combines one or more clay materials with traces of quartz, metal oxides, and organic matter.

A

Clay

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12
Q

Composed of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as corals, foraminifera, and mollusks.

A

Limestone

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13
Q

composed mainly of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments.

A

Sandstone

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14
Q

Black sedimentary rock (carbon and hydrocarbon) that can be burned for fuel and use to generate electricity.

A

Coal

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15
Q

Deep within Earth’s surface formed through exposure of sedimentary or igneous rock to high pressure, high temperature, or both.

A

Metamorphic rocks

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16
Q

means “to change from”

A

Metamorphism

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17
Q

refers to original rock which can either be igneous rock, sedimentary rock, or a metamorphose prior to metamorphism.

A

Prolith

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18
Q

size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains and other constituents, which are controlled by rock formation processes.

A

Texture

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19
Q

both the type of minerals within a rock and the overall chemical makeup of the rock.

A

Composition

20
Q

grains which are big enough to see

A

Phaneritic

21
Q

grains that are too small to see and identify.

22
Q

composed of elements such as those found in periodic table
has definite chemical proportion which can be described in chemical formula
structure arranges atoms in a crystalline pattern

23
Q

study of the chemistry of minerals, crystal structure, and their physical and optical properties

A

mineralogy

24
Q

person who studies minerals.

A

Mineralogist

25
Q

founder of mineralogy.he was the first to systematically classify minerals

A

Abraham Gottlob werner

26
Q

Naturally-occurring chemical compounds
Inorganic
Homogenous solids

27
Q

quality of light on the surface of a rock, crystal or mineral

28
Q

caused by absorption or lack of visible light by their crystalline structure

29
Q

color of the powdered mineral produced when dragged across an unweather surface (Streak test).
Distinguishing metallic minerals.

30
Q

mineral’s ability to resist scratching or abrasion.

31
Q

Hardness is measured by

A

Mohs Scale of hardness

32
Q

tendency of mineral to split, or cleave, along planes of weakness.

33
Q

break easily and cleanly along one or more planes.

A

Good cleavage

34
Q

break is not defined

A

Poor cleavage

35
Q

silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons (SiO42-).
major rock-forming minerals
olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4) and quartz (SiO2)

36
Q

metal cations bonded to oxygen anions.

- magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3)

37
Q

etal cation bonded to sulfide (S2-).
Ore minerals along with oxides since metals form a high proportion of the mineral.
Galena (PbS) and pyrite (FeS2]

38
Q

metal cation bonded to the SO42- anionic group.
precipitate out of water near Earth’s surface.
gypsum (CaSO42H2O).

39
Q

halogen ion (chlorine or fluorine)  halite or rock salt (NaCl) and fluorite (CaF2).

40
Q

carbonic ion (CO32-) which bonds elements such as calcium or magnesium  calcite (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2).

A

Carbonates

41
Q

consist of a single metal such as copper (Cu) and gold (Au).

A

Native metals

42
Q

set of processes through which useful resources are withdrawn from a stock of any nonrenewable resource.

43
Q

naturally-occurring materials that can be profitably mined

44
Q

a potential ore body if it its localized abundance is greater that its average abundance or distribution on Earth’s crust.

45
Q

economically importat mineral

A

fossil fuels
Aggregates
Metal resources

1st quarter (7 decks)

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