rock and minerals

Question 1

composed of rocks and minerals

Answer 1

Terrestrial planet

Question 2

outermost layer of our planet composed of the crust and the upper mantle

Answer 2

Lithosphere

Question 3

Naturally-occurring aggregate or combination of minerals and mineraloids, such as fossils and glass.

Answer 3

rock

Question 4

What are the types of rock

Answer 4

Igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock

Question 5

are formed through cooling of magma or lava.

from solidified molten rock materials, usually hard and crystalline

Answer 5

Igneous rock

Question 6

good crystallization (coarse-grained)
 may become plutonic rocks or intrusive rocks

Answer 6

from a slow-cooling magma:Below the surface

Question 7

from the consolidation of particles erupted by explosive volcanic activity

Answer 7

from fast cooling lava:On the surface

Question 8

may become pyroclastic rocks

Answer 8

On the surface:from the consolidation of particles erupted by explosive volcanic activity

Question 9

combination of products of weathering and erosion, and organic materials.

Answer 9

Sedimentary Rock

Question 10

process by which these unconsolidated material become solidified

Answer 10

LITHIFICATION

Question 11

Soil material that combines one or more clay materials with traces of quartz, metal oxides, and organic matter.

Answer 11

Clay

Question 12

Composed of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as corals, foraminifera, and mollusks.

Answer 12

Limestone

Question 13

composed mainly of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments.

Answer 13

Sandstone

Question 14

Black sedimentary rock (carbon and hydrocarbon) that can be burned for fuel and use to generate electricity.

Answer 14

Coal

Question 15

Deep within Earth’s surface formed through exposure of sedimentary or igneous rock to high pressure, high temperature, or both.

Answer 15

Metamorphic rocks

Question 16

means “to change from”

Answer 16

Metamorphism

Question 17

refers to original rock which can either be igneous rock, sedimentary rock, or a metamorphose prior to metamorphism.

Answer 17

Prolith

Question 18

size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains and other constituents, which are controlled by rock formation processes.

Answer 18

Texture

Question 19

both the type of minerals within a rock and the overall chemical makeup of the rock.

Answer 19

Composition

Question 20

grains which are big enough to see

Answer 20

Phaneritic

Question 21

grains that are too small to see and identify.

Answer 21

Aphanitic

Question 22

composed of elements such as those found in periodic table
has definite chemical proportion which can be described in chemical formula
structure arranges atoms in a crystalline pattern

Answer 22

Minerals

Question 23

study of the chemistry of minerals, crystal structure, and their physical and optical properties

Answer 23

mineralogy

Question 24

person who studies minerals.

Answer 24

Mineralogist

Question 25

founder of mineralogy.he was the first to systematically classify minerals

Answer 25

Abraham Gottlob werner

Question 26

Naturally-occurring chemical compounds Inorganic Homogenous solids

Answer 26

Minerals

Question 27

quality of light on the surface of a rock, crystal or mineral

Answer 27

Luster

Question 28

caused by absorption or lack of visible light by their crystalline structure

Answer 28

Color

Question 29

color of the powdered mineral produced when dragged across an unweather surface (Streak test). Distinguishing metallic minerals.

Answer 29

Streak

Question 30

mineral’s ability to resist scratching or abrasion.

Answer 30

Hardness

Question 31

Hardness is measured by

Answer 31

Mohs Scale of hardness

Question 32

tendency of mineral to split, or cleave, along planes of weakness.

Answer 32

cleavage

Question 33

break easily and cleanly along one or more planes.

Answer 33

Good cleavage

Question 34

break is not defined

Answer 34

Poor cleavage

Question 35

silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons (SiO42-). major rock-forming minerals olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4) and quartz (SiO2)

Answer 35

Silicates

Question 36

metal cations bonded to oxygen anions. | - magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3)

Answer 36

Oxides

Question 37

etal cation bonded to sulfide (S2-). Ore minerals along with oxides since metals form a high proportion of the mineral. Galena (PbS) and pyrite (FeS2]

Answer 37

Sulfide

Question 38

metal cation bonded to the SO42- anionic group. precipitate out of water near Earth’s surface. gypsum (CaSO42H2O).

Answer 38

Sulfates

Question 39

halogen ion (chlorine or fluorine)  halite or rock salt (NaCl) and fluorite (CaF2).

Answer 39

Halides

Question 40

carbonic ion (CO32-) which bonds elements such as calcium or magnesium  calcite (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2).

Answer 40

Carbonates

Question 41

consist of a single metal such as copper (Cu) and gold (Au).

Answer 41

Native metals

Question 42

set of processes through which useful resources are withdrawn from a stock of any nonrenewable resource.

Answer 42

Mining

Question 43

naturally-occurring materials that can be profitably mined

Answer 43

Ore

Question 44

a potential ore body if it its localized abundance is greater that its average abundance or distribution on Earth’s crust.

Answer 44

Deposit

Question 45

economically importat mineral

Answer 45

fossil fuels Aggregates Metal resources