Eng prof 1st quaryer Flashcards
What is the text about? What details am I imparting to the readers?
Topic
Who am I as a writer? Do I write as a sibling? A student? A son/daughter? A customer?
Role
Why am I writing this in the first place?
Purpose
Who is reading this piece? What knowledge does he/she need to understand in my
writing?
Audience
s a process that starts with posing question, problematizing a concept,
evaluating an opinion, and ends in answering the questions posed, clarifying the problem, and
arguing for a stand.
Academic Writing
choose a topic which your target audience can relate.
Content
write in a language that is appropriate and formal but not too pretentious
Tone
consider the knowledge and background of the audience. Make sure that you
can back up your statement with a strong and valid evidence.
Audience
use language that is appropriate to your audience like for example if
your readers will be the experts on language policies, it is acceptable that you use
jargons such as vernacular, mother tongue, first language, English.
Chosen Words
engage the readers in a conversation by giving them clear ideas and points to
evaluate and question.
Purpose
observed coherence and logical sequence of ideas.
Organization
must be consistent from the start up to the last part of the paragraph.
Point of view
This means that since your audience are fellow members of the academic community, the
language you use requires precision to make it a “legitimate” piece of academic writing.
Formality
Requires special knowledge and use of more complex language and objectivity. This means
writing must be impersonal and maintain a certain level of social distance.
Objectivity
demands the use of signposts that allow the readers to trace the relationships in the parts of a
study. If you intend to show a change in your line of argument, make it clear by using
connectors.
Explicitness
Writing requires care since knowledge is built from proven theories and concepts.
Caution
Sentences need to be constructed in such a way that they show a level of complexity that
reflects the sophistication of an academic writer. Combining ideas effectively, nominalization
and passivization are some ways to achieve structure fit for academic writing.
Structure
the verbs are made as they denote action. Transforming verbs
into nouns help readers focus on the action and not on the doer of the action.
Nominalization
the results of actions are highlighted
Passivization
occurs when credit for a work is ascribed to oneself truthfully. For instance, if one writes
a paper on a theory like it is his or hers
Plagiarism of ideas
happens when an author uses the language of an other writer and claims it as his or her
own.
Plagiarism of language
is one of the ways to avoid plagiarism. It is rendering the essential ideas in a
text ( sentence or paragraph) using your own words.
Paraphrasing
means to lift text and enclose them in quotation marks. In addition to the author’s name, the
page numbers are included.
Quoting
is an act of making a synthesis of the key ideas of a piece of writing, restated in
your own words. Summarizing a text, or distilling its essential concepts into a paragraph or two,
is a useful study tool as well as good writing practice
Summarizing
It is a condensed version of the essential content of the original material.It is a brief summary, written in your own words, of a longer piece of writing.
It contains no details, no examples, and no illustrations. The language should be clear and concise with all unnecessary words left out.
Precis
explains the nature of something. Oftentimes, aside from giving the general class to which the concept being defined belongs.
Definition
can represent a definition text. At the center of the wheel is the main topic
of the article, and forming a spokes of the wheel are details about the concept.
Modified wheel
Gives concrete details about appearance, characteristics, and actions.
Description
used to separate details in column
T-chart
a recount of a sequence is a chronological narration of historical period, a
sequential description of a process or a procedure.
Narration
use for sequencing events or actions.
Chronological chain
to serve the purpose of arguing a position or interpretation. The text may be
arranged deductively and inductively.
Persuasion
use to map out arguments and evidences that prove a
viewpoint.
Persuasion map
It is the overall idea or argument of your work.
It makes all parts of your work stick together.It tells the reader about your essay’s topic.
Thesis Statement
is one of many referencing styles used in academic writing.
APA style
What does APA stands for
American Psychological Association
is the body of ideas and methods use in the practical reading of literature. It is a
description of the underlying principles, one might say the tools, by which we attempt to
understand literature.
Literary Theory
focuses on the reader (or audience) and his or her experience of
a literary work.
Reader-response
Focuses on female representation in literature, paying attention to
female points of view, concerns, and values
Feminist Criticism
focuses on a work of literature primarily as an expression in
fictional form, of the state of mind, and the structure of personality of the
individual author. In other words, a literary text is related to its author’s
mental and emotional traits.
Psychological Criticism
focuses on recurrent narrative designs, patterns of
action, character types, or images which are said to be identifiable in a
wide variety of literary works, myths, dreams, and even ritualized modes of
behavior
Mythic Criticism/Archetypal
This lens examines the text from the perspective of cultural
attitudes and often focuses on individuals within society who are
marginalized or face discrimination in some way.
Cultural Criticism
ocuses on examining a text primarily in relation to the
historical and cultural conditions of the production, and also its later critical
interpretations
Historical Criticism
Focuses on how literary works are products of the economic
ideological determinants specific to that era.
Marxist Criticism
combined area of gay lesbian studies and criticism, including studies
of variations in biological sex, gender identity, and sexual desires.
Queer theory
The proper concern of Literary criticism is not with the external
circumstances or effects or historical position of a work, but with a detailed
consideration of the work itself as an independent entity.
New Criticism
focuses on the practice of the reading a text in order to “subvert”
or “undermine” the assumption that the text can be interpreted coherently to have a
universal determinate meaning.
Deconstruction
is an exercise in judging the value of a piece of writing or research.
It is also a way of improving your own other writers and researchers work.
Critique
Much like the information found on the credit line, a
description has basic information about the artwork that you need to begin looking for.
Description
How is the work organized? Focus on how the elements and principles have been
used to organized the work. This is a clue-collecting step, no guesses.
Analysis
explain what your discoveries tell you the artwork or artist is trying to communicate.
Interpretation
. Your opinion is based however on what you discovered in the previous
steps.
Judgement
should employ a certain set of criteria by which both reviewer and the reader can
gauge the quality of the item being reviewed.
Review
