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Rock Flashcards

1
Q

Lithosphere

A

A scientific word that is the crust

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2
Q

Magma

A

Hot substance of molten rock and gases

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3
Q

Sediments

A

Materials Brocken down by erosion from wind

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4
Q

Lustres

A

An appearance of a mineral cause by light and make it look glassy, metallic and bright

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5
Q

Streak

A

Colour of a mineral found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

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6
Q

Hardness

A

How difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

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7
Q

Minerals

A

Are nutrients that functions in your body from food

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8
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

Rock that is formed through the cooling of the magma and lava

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9
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Refers to magma flowing through the crust but does not make it out

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10
Q

Pumice

A

A pale rock that forms from frothy lava that cools in the air

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11
Q

Scoria

A

A dark, igneous rock formed by gassy lava that cools down in the air

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12
Q

Abrasive

A

a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

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13
Q

Basalt

A

A dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases.

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14
Q

Obsidian

A

A black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

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15
Q

Intrusive rock

A

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

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16
Q

Batholiths

A

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

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17
Q

Granite

A

A hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the Earth’s surface.

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18
Q

Erosion

A

eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

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19
Q

Floodplain

A

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

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20
Q

Glaciers

A

large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

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21
Q

Moraine

A

deposit left by movement of a glacier

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22
Q

Sandstone

A

sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains.

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23
Q

Mudstone

A

fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

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24
Q

Shale

A

fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

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25
Q

Siltstone

A

sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

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26
Q

Conglomerate

A

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

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27
Q

Limestone

A

sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

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28
Q

Coal

A

sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

29
Q

Rock salt

A

sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

30
Q

Metamorphism

A

Changing Form

31
Q

Metamorphic rock

A

Rocks that change

32
Q

Slate

A

fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

33
Q

Marble

A

a metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

34
Q

Gneiss

A

coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

35
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

Rock that is formed through the cooling of the magma and lava

36
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Refers to magma flowing through the crust but does not make it out

37
Q

Pumice

A

A pale rock that forms from frothy lava that cools in the air

38
Q

Scoria

A

A dark, igneous rock formed by gassy lava that cools down in the air

39
Q

Abrasive

A

a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

40
Q

Basalt

A

A dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases.

41
Q

Obsidian

A

A black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

42
Q

Intrusive rock

A

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

43
Q

Batholiths

A

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

44
Q

Granite

A

A hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the Earth’s surface.

45
Q

Erosion

A

eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

46
Q

Floodplain

A

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

47
Q

Glaciers

A

large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

48
Q

Moraine

A

deposit left by movement of a glacier

49
Q

Sandstone

A

sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains.

50
Q

Mudstone

A

fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

51
Q

Shale

A

fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

52
Q

Siltstone

A

sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

53
Q

Conglomerate

A

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

54
Q

Limestone

A

sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

55
Q

Coal

A

sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

56
Q

Rock salt

A

sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

57
Q

Stone Age

A

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

58
Q

Alloy

A

mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

59
Q

Flint

A

fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

60
Q

Flint

A

fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

61
Q

Percussion flaking

A

process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools

62
Q

Fossil

A

any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

63
Q

Palaeontologists

A

Scientist who studies fossil

64
Q

Folding

A

buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

65
Q

Relative age

A

age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

66
Q

Mould

A

cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

67
Q

Trace fossil

A

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed

68
Q

Extinct

A

describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.

Rock (4 decks)

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