Robinson R22 Flashcards
Engine Fire (In Flight)
- Enter autorotation
- Cabin Heat – OFF (if time permits)
- Cabin Vent – ON (if time permits)
- If engine is running, perform normal landing, then pull fuel mixture OFF and shut fuel valve OFF;
If engine stops running, shut fuel valve OFF and complete autorotation landing - Battery switch – OFF
- If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors
- Exit helicopter
Power Failure (Above 500’ AGL)
- Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM.
- Establish a steady glide at approximately 65 KIAS.
- Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
- Select landing spot and, if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into wind.
- A restart may be attempted at pilot’s discretion if sufficient time is available.
- If unable to restart, turn unnecessary switches and fuel valve off.
- At about 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed.
- At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude with nose straight ahead.
Power Failure (Between 8’ and 500’ AGL)
- Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM.
- Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
- Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed.
- At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude and nose straight ahead.
Power Failure (Below 8’ AGL)
- Apply right pedal as required to prevent yawing.
- Allow aircraft to settle.
- Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
Maximum Glide Distance Configuration
- Airspeed approximately 75 KIAS.
- Rotor RPM approximately 90%.
- Best glide ratio is about 4:1 or one nautical mile per 1500 feet AGL.
CAUTION
Increase rotor RPM to 97% minimum when autorotating below 500 feet AGL.
Air Restart Procedure
CAUTION
Do not attempt restart if engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established.
- Mixture full rich.
- Primer (if installed) - down and locked.
- Throttle closed, then cracked slightly.
- Actuate starter with left hand.
Emergency Water Landing - Power Off
- Follow same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact.
- Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors.
- Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
Emergency Water Landing - Power On
- Descend to hover above water.
- Unlatch doors.
- Passenger exit aircraft.
- Fly to safe distance from passenger to avoid possible injury by rotors.
- Switch battery and alternator OFF.
- Roll throttle off into overtravel spring.
- Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water.
- Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors.
- Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust in Forward Flight
Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal.
- Immediately enter autorotation.
- Maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical.
- Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring, and perform autorotation landing.
NOTE:
When a suitable landing site is not available, the vertical stabilizers may permit limited controlled flight at low power settings and airspeeds above 70 KIAS; however, prior to reducing airspeed, enter full autorotation.
Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust in Hover
Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal.
- Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle.
- Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
Tachometer Failure
If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight, use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.
Governor Failure
If engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off. Complete flight using manual throttle control.
Land Immediately
Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required.
Land as soon as practical
Land site is at pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended.
Three conditions requiring autorotation
PDOP
Power Failure
Drivetrain Failure
Oil Pressure Failure
Engine Fire (During Start on Ground)
- Cranking – Continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel into engine
- If engine starts, run at 60-70% RPM for a short time
- Fuel mixture – OFF
- Fuel Valve – OFF
- Battery Switch – OFF
- If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors
- Exit helicopter
Electrical Fire (In Flight)
- Battery and Alternator switches - OFF
- Open cabin vents
- Land immediately
- Pull mixture OFF and shut fuel valve OFF
- If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors
- Exit the helicopter
Note:
Low RPM warning system and governor are inoperative with battery and alternator switches both OFF
Tachometer Failure
If rotor or engine tachometer malfunctions in flight, use remaining tachometer to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tachometer is malfunctioning or if both tachometers malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.
NOTE:
Each tachometer, the governor, and the low RPM horn are on separate power circuits. A special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tachometers with the battery and alternator switches both off. (Low RPM horn and Governor are inoperative)
LOW RPM HORN
The horn activates simultaneously with the Low RPM Caution Light and indicates rotor speed below 97% RPM. To restore RPM, lower collective, roll throttle on and, in forward flight apply aft cyclic. Horn and light are disabled when collective is full down.
Carbon Monoxide Light
Indicates elevated levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in cabin. Shut off heater and open nose and door vents. If hovering, land or transition to forward flight. If symptoms of CO poisoning (headache, drowsiness, dizziness) accompany light, land immediately.
BRAKE Light
Indicates rotor brake is engaged. Release immediately in flight or before starting engine.
Starter will not operate with rotor brake engaged
STARTER ON Light
Indicates starter motor is engaged. If light does not go out when ignition switch is released from start position, immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off.
Vortex Ring State Recovery (Traditional)
- Lower collective
(~ 1 inch) - Right Pedal
- Fwd Cyclic
SN-22
M/R TEMP Light
Indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox
NOTE
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately.
If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
High RPM Warble
Indicates rotor speed is approaching 110% RPM limit
Raise collective as required to control RPM
CLUTCH Light
Indicates clutch actuator is on, either engaging or disengaging clutch. When switch is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. Never take off before the light goes out.
NOTE
Clutch light may come on momentarily during run-up or during flight to re-tension belts as they warm up and stretch slightly. This is normal. If however, the light flickers or comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 seconds, pull CLUTCH circuit breaker and land as soon as practical. Reduce power and land immediately if there are other indications of drive system failure (be prepared to enter autorotation).
OIL Light
Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure.
Check engine tachometer for power loss. Check oil pressure gauge and, if pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately.
Continued operation without oil pressure will cause serious engine damage and engine failure may occur.
LOW FUEL Light
Indicates approximately 1.5 gallons of usable fuel remaining (bladder tank)
The engine will run out of fuel after 10 minutes at cruise power (bladder tank)
(9 gph)(60/10=6x1.5)
CAUTION
Do not use low fuel caution light as a working indication of fuel quantity.
ALT Light
Indicates low voltage or possible alternator failure
Turn off nonessential equipment and switch ALT off then back on after one second. If light stays on or ammeter still indicates discharge, land as soon as practical.
Continued flight without a functioning alternator can result in loss of power to tachometers, producing a hazardous flight condition.
LOW RPM Light
Indicates rotor speed below 97% RPM
To restore RPM, immediately lower collective and roll throttle on and, in forward flight, apply aft cyclic.
Light is disabled when collective is full down
GOV OFF Light
Indicates engine RPM governor is switched off.
T/R CHIP Light
Indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox
NOTE
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately.
If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
M/R CHIP Light
Indicates metallic particles in main rotor gearbox
NOTE
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately.
If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
