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SBL Exam 1 > Robbins XXII - The Skin > Flashcards

Robbins XXII - The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

This term is the accumulation of edema fluid within the epidermis. Characterizes all forms of eczamatous dermatitis.

A

Spongiosis

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2
Q

An uncommon, usually self-limited disorder that seems to be a hypersensitivity response to certain infections and drugs. Patients present with an array of “multiform” lesions, including macules, papules, vesicles, and bullae, as well as the characteristic targetoid lesion consisting of a red macule or papule with a pale vesicular or eroded center.

A

Erythema Multiforme

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3
Q

In this skin disorder, there is marked epidermal thickening (acanthosis), and loss of the stratum granulosum with extensive overlying parakeratotic scale. The most typical lesion is a well-demarcated, pink to salmon-colored plaque covered by loosely adherent silver-white scale.

A

Psoriasis

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4
Q

This sign is described as bleeding upon removal of scales from the lesions of psoriasis.

A

Auspitz sign

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5
Q

Small aggregates of neutrophils within the parakeratotic stratum corneum in psoriasis.

A

Munro microabscesses

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6
Q

Small aggregates of neutrophils within the spongiotic superficial epidermis in psoriasis.

A

Pustules of Kogoj

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7
Q

Layer of the skin which is affected in psoriasis.

A

S. granulosum

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8
Q

“Pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar papules, and plaques” describes this disorder of the skin and mucosa. The pattern of inflammation of this disorder is characterized by angulated, zigzag contour (“sawtoothing”) of the dermoepidermal junction.

A

Lichen Planus

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9
Q

Anucleate, necrotic basal cells seen in the inflamed papillary dermis of patients with lichen planus are called?

A

Colloid bodies or Civatte bodies

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10
Q

Presents as roughening of the skin that takes on an appearance reminiscent of “lichen on a tree”. It is a response to local repetitive trauma such as continual rubbing or scratching.

A

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

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11
Q

Common lesions of children and adolescents, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Histologic features include epidermal hyperplasia that is often undulant in character, and cytoplasmic vacuolization (koilocytosis).

A

Verrucae (warts)

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12
Q

The most common type of wart. Occurs anywhere but are found most frequently on the hands, particularly on the dorsal surfaces and periungual areas, where they appear as gray-white to tan, flat to convex, 0.1- to 1-cm papules with a rough, pebble-like surface.

A

Verruca vulgaris

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13
Q

These warts are common on the face or dorsal surfaces of the hands. These warts are flat, smooth, tan macules.

A

Verruca plana/flat wart

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14
Q

These warts occur on the soles and palms. Described as rough, scaly lesions that may reach 1 to 2 cm in diameter, coalesce, and be confused with ordinary calluses.

A

Verruca plantaris and verruca palmaris

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15
Q

These warts occurs on the penis, female genitalia, urethra, and perianal areas.

A

Condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart)

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16
Q

A rare autoimmune blistering disorder resulting from loss of integrity of normal intercellular attachments within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium. Caused by a type II hypersensitivity reaction

A

Pemphigus

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17
Q

Common histologic denominator in all forms of pemphigus, described as the lysis of the intercellular adhesion sites.

A

Acantholysis

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18
Q

In this variant of pemphigus, acantholysis selectively involves the layer of cells immediately above the basal cell layer, giving rise to a suprabasal acantholytic blister. There is uniform deposition of immunoglobulin and complement along the cell membranes of keratinocytes, producing a characteristic “fishnet” appearance.

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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19
Q

In this variant of pemphigus, acantholysis selectively involves the superficial epidermis at the level of the stratum granulosum.

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

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20
Q

An autoimmune disease in which the characteristic finding is linear deposition of IgG antibodies and complement in the basement membrane zone. Characterized by a subepidermal, nonacantholytic full-thickness epidermal fluid-filled blister.

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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21
Q

A rare disorder characterized by urticaria and grouped vesicles. Fibrin and neutrophils accumulate selectively at the tips of dermal papillae, forming small microabscesses, which coalesce to form a subepidermal blister. On immunofluorescence, granular deposits of IgA are localized at the tips of dermal papillae.

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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22
Q

These common epidermal tumors occur most frequently in middle-aged or older individuals. The lesions consist of an orderly proliferation of uniform, benign basaloid keratinocytes with a tendency to form keratin microcysts (horn cysts), which has a “stuck-on” appearance on the skin.

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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23
Q

These are rare tumors that primarily occur in the head and neck region of older individuals. They usually present as flesh-colored papules and can be a marker for an internal malignancy.

A

Sebaceous Adenoma

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24
Q

These lesion is usually the result of chronic exposure to sunlight and is associated with hyperkeratosis. The dermis contains thickened, blue-gray elastic fibers or “solar elastosis” which is the result of chronic sun damage.

A

Actinic keratoses

25
Q

Acronym for remembering the histologic features of actinic keratoses.

A

“Sunny” SPAINS - solar elastoses (dermal sun damage)P - parakeratosisA - atypia (keratinocytic)I - inflammationN - not full thickness atypia

26
Q

A common tumor arising on sun-exposed sites in older people, with higher incidence in women. Arise from prior actinic keratoses. Characterized by highly anaplastic, rounded cells with foci of necrosis and only abortive, single-cell keratinization (dyskeratosis).

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

27
Q

This is the most common human cancer, which is a slow-growing tumor that rarely metastasizes. tends to occur at sites subject to chronic sun exposure and in lightly pigmented people. h

A

Basal cell carcinoma

28
Q

These tumors present as pearly, smooth-surfaced papules, often containing prominent, dilated subepidermal blood vessels (telangiectasia). The cells have scant cytoplasm, small hyperchromatic nuclei, and a peripheral palisade with clefting from the stroma.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

29
Q

This refers to any benign congenital or acquired neoplasm of melanocytes.

A

Melanocytic nevus

30
Q

These are large nevi and may occur as hundreds of lesions on the body surface. They are flat macules to slightly raised plaques, with a “pebbly” surface. Considered as a marker of melanoma risk.

A

Dysplastic nevi

31
Q

This cancer of the skin may develop from a dysplastic nevus, and results from excessive sun exposure. Malignant cells have large nuclei with irregular contours having chromatin characteristically clumped at the periphery of the nuclear membrane and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli often described as “cherry red”. Has both radial and vertical growth phases.

A

Melanoma

32
Q

This determines the biologic behavior of melanomas.

A

Nature and extent of the vertical growth phase

33
Q

What is the most common type of all autoimmune blistering disordering of the skin (pemphigus)?

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

34
Q

Histologically, what is the most common denominator in all forms of pemphigus?

A

Acantholysis

35
Q

Morphology: Subepidermal nonacantholytic blisters

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

36
Q

Morphology: Suprabasal acantholytic blister

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

37
Q

Morphology: Characteristically, fibrin and neutrophils accumulate selectively at the tips of the dermal papillae forming small microabscesses

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

38
Q

Morphology: accumulation of neutrophils beneath the stratum corneum

A

Impetigo

39
Q

Munro microabscesses is classically seen in?

A

Psoriasis

40
Q

Auspitz sign is associated with what condition?

A

Psoriasis

41
Q

Pearly papules often containing prominent, dilated subepidermal blood vessels (telangiectasias)

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

42
Q

What is the most commonly accepted exogenous cause of squamous cel carcinoma of the skin?

A

Exposure to UV light

43
Q

Cutaneous horns are seen in what condition?

A

Actinic Keratosis

44
Q

What factor is the most important in the determining the biological behavior of malignant melanoma? Vertical or Radial growth?

A

Vertical growth

45
Q

Morphology: characterized by loss of melanocytes

A

Albinism

46
Q

In albinism, melanocytes are present but melanin pigment is not produced due to what enzyme deficiency or defect?

A

Tyrosinase

47
Q

Q: + for melanocyte-associated proteins such as tyrosinase or Melan-A or S

A

Vitiligo

48
Q

The early developmental stage in melanocytic nevi is called?

A

Junctional nevi

49
Q

Most junctional nevi grow into the underlying dermis as nests or cords of cells and are calle

A

compound nevi

50
Q

When all the epidermal nests of compound nevi are lost entirely they form what

A

intradermal nevi

51
Q

Appears to play an important role in the development of skin malignant melanoma

A

Sunlight

52
Q

What are the 5 clinical warning signs of melanoma?

A
  1. enlargement of a pre-existing mle2. itching or pain in pre-existing mole3. development of a new pigment lesion during adult life4. irregularity of the borders of a pigment lesion5. variegation of color within a pigmented
53
Q

Morphology: proliferations of basaloid cells with formation of prominent keratin filled “horn” cysts

A

Seborrheic keratosis

54
Q

Appears clinically as flesh-colored, dome shaped nodules with central, keratin filled plug, imparting a crater like topography

A

Keratoacanthoma

55
Q

Morphology: Central, keratin filled crater surrounded by proliferating epitheal cells that extend upward in a lip-like fashion over the sides of the crater and downward into the dermis as irregular tongues

A

keratoacanthoma

56
Q

The most important clinical sign of malignant melanoma

A

change in color, size, or shape in a pigmented lesion

57
Q

In Malignant Melanoma, what type of growth indicated the tendency of a melanoma to grow horizontally within the epidermal and superficial dermal layers, often for a prolonged period of time?

A

Radial growth

58
Q

In Malignant Melanoma, what are the determinants of a more favorable prognosis?

A
  1. Tumor depth of less than 1.7 mm2. Absence or low numbers of mitoses3. Presence of a brisk TIL response (Tumor Infiltrating Leukocytes)4. Absence of regression 5. Female gender6. Location on extremity skin

SBL Exam 1 (20 decks)

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