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RENAL II Exam 2 > Robbins Ch. 20 - The Kidney II > Flashcards

Robbins Ch. 20 - The Kidney II Flashcards

1
Q

MPGN

A

pattern, not disease
-proliferation of mesangium and capillaries

can be combined - nephrotic/nephritic

proliferating mesangium splits BM

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2
Q

subendothelial deposits, IgG, C3, C1q, granular

A

MPGN type I

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3
Q

prognosis of MPGN type 1

A

50% to ESRD within 10 years

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4
Q

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

familial emphysema

-MPGN Type 1 - secondary form

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5
Q

cryoglobulinemia

A

Hep B/C - MPGN type 1 - secondary form

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6
Q

excessive alternate complement pathway

A

MPGN, type II, dense deposit disease

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7
Q

C3NeF

A

dense deposit disease

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8
Q

prognosis of DDD

A

50% to ESRD

90% recurrence in transplants

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9
Q

berger disease

A

IgA nephropathy

most common GN worldwide

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10
Q

mesangial IgA deposits

A

IgA nephropathy

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11
Q

celiac disease

A

IgA nephropathy

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12
Q

clinical for IgA nephropathy

A

20-30yo, males
gross hematuria following infection of resp, GU, urinary tract

EPISODIC hematuria

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13
Q

prognosis for IgA nephropathy

A

15-40% to ESRD over 20 years

recurrence frequent in transplants

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14
Q

episodic hematuria

A

IgA nephropathy

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15
Q

berger disease

A

not systemic disease - IgA nephropathy

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16
Q

henoch schonlein purpura

A

is systemic disease - IgA nephropathy

  • skin lesions on buttocks
  • systemic vasculitis
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17
Q

nerve deafness, eye disorders, hematuria

A

alport syndrome

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18
Q

alport genetics

A

85% X-linked - males full / females only hematuria**

also autosomal dominant and recessive forms

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19
Q

basket weave GBM

A

alport syndrome

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20
Q

age for alport

A

5-20 years old

renal failure age 20-50 years old

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21
Q

benign familial hematuria

A

thin basement membrane lesion

excellent prognosis

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22
Q

mutations in alpha3, 4 of collagen 4

A

thin basement membrane lesion

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23
Q

genetics of thin basement membrane lesion

A

most patients - heterozygote

24
Q

RPGN progression?

A

90% to chronic GN

25
chronic GN
kidney contracted - granular surface - thin cortex - arterial sclerosis - obliterated glomeruli need dialysis/transplant
26
SLE
nephrotic syndrome - stage 4 - diffuse proliferative most severe - >50% glomeruli involved
27
subendothlial deposits and wire loops?
SLE
28
smith antigen
SLE
29
dsDNA, IgG, C3 subendothelial deposits
SLE
30
wegeners
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
31
henoch schonlein
skin lesions children 3-8yo IgA mesangial deposits children - good prognosis
32
30% of ESRD patients
diabetic kidney disease
33
diabetic nephropathy
hyperglycemia - glycosylation of BM - increased mesangial membrane and sclerosis - granular kidney exterior
34
changes in diabetic nephropathy
1 - capillary BM thickened 2 - diffuse mesangial sclerosis 3 - nodular glomerulosclerosis (kimmelstein wilson disease)
35
kimmelstein wilson disease
nodular glomerulsclerosis - in diabetic nephropathy
36
IgG-IgM deposits
essential mixed cryoglobulinemia | -MPGN type 1 - Hep C infection
37
50% of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients
acute tubular injury
38
endothelin
vasoconstriction
39
ethylene glycol
ballooning and hydropic or vacuolar degeneration of PCT | -also - calcium oxalate crystals in lumens
40
tam horsfall proteins
seen in ATI | -hyaline casts - distal tubules and CDs
41
toxic ATI
continuous necrosis
42
ischemic ATI
patchy necrosis
43
stages of ATI
initiation - oliguric, increased BUN, after surgical event maintenance - decreased urine, hyperkalemia**, rising BUN recovery - increased urine, hypokalemia, BUN to normal
44
prognosis of ATI
90% recover with toxic - if removed early | 50% mortality with shock, sepsis, burns, multi-organ fail
45
proximal tubules
can regenerate
46
distal tubules
don't recover that well
47
can't concentrate urine
tubulointerstitial nephritis often polyuria, polydipsia
48
95% cystitis
bacterial infection
49
most common cause of pyelonephritis
ascending infection - from lower UT
50
50% of UTI in children
have VUR
51
pyonephrosis
pus in pelvis and calyces
52
perinephric abscess
pus through renal capsule
53
glomeruli
relatively resistant to infection
54
casts
indicate renal involvement - only formed in tubules of kidneys
55
polyomavirus
transplant patients
56
nuclear enlargement and intranuclear inclusions
polyomavirus infection in transplant patients

RENAL II Exam 2 (10 decks)

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