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RENAL II Exam 2 > Robbins Ch. 20 - The Kidney II > Flashcards

Robbins Ch. 20 - The Kidney II Flashcards

1
Q

MPGN

A

pattern, not disease
-proliferation of mesangium and capillaries

can be combined - nephrotic/nephritic

proliferating mesangium splits BM

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2
Q

subendothelial deposits, IgG, C3, C1q, granular

A

MPGN type I

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3
Q

prognosis of MPGN type 1

A

50% to ESRD within 10 years

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4
Q

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

familial emphysema

-MPGN Type 1 - secondary form

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5
Q

cryoglobulinemia

A

Hep B/C - MPGN type 1 - secondary form

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6
Q

excessive alternate complement pathway

A

MPGN, type II, dense deposit disease

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7
Q

C3NeF

A

dense deposit disease

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8
Q

prognosis of DDD

A

50% to ESRD

90% recurrence in transplants

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9
Q

berger disease

A

IgA nephropathy

most common GN worldwide

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10
Q

mesangial IgA deposits

A

IgA nephropathy

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11
Q

celiac disease

A

IgA nephropathy

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12
Q

clinical for IgA nephropathy

A

20-30yo, males
gross hematuria following infection of resp, GU, urinary tract

EPISODIC hematuria

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13
Q

prognosis for IgA nephropathy

A

15-40% to ESRD over 20 years

recurrence frequent in transplants

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14
Q

episodic hematuria

A

IgA nephropathy

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15
Q

berger disease

A

not systemic disease - IgA nephropathy

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16
Q

henoch schonlein purpura

A

is systemic disease - IgA nephropathy

  • skin lesions on buttocks
  • systemic vasculitis
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17
Q

nerve deafness, eye disorders, hematuria

A

alport syndrome

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18
Q

alport genetics

A

85% X-linked - males full / females only hematuria**

also autosomal dominant and recessive forms

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19
Q

basket weave GBM

A

alport syndrome

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20
Q

age for alport

A

5-20 years old

renal failure age 20-50 years old

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21
Q

benign familial hematuria

A

thin basement membrane lesion

excellent prognosis

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22
Q

mutations in alpha3, 4 of collagen 4

A

thin basement membrane lesion

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23
Q

genetics of thin basement membrane lesion

A

most patients - heterozygote

24
Q

RPGN progression?

A

90% to chronic GN

25
Q

chronic GN

A

kidney contracted - granular surface

  • thin cortex
  • arterial sclerosis
  • obliterated glomeruli

need dialysis/transplant

26
Q

SLE

A

nephrotic syndrome

  • stage 4 - diffuse proliferative most severe
  • > 50% glomeruli involved
27
Q

subendothlial deposits and wire loops?

A

SLE

28
Q

smith antigen

A

SLE

29
Q

dsDNA, IgG, C3 subendothelial deposits

A

SLE

30
Q

wegeners

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

31
Q

henoch schonlein

A

skin lesions
children 3-8yo
IgA mesangial deposits

children - good prognosis

32
Q

30% of ESRD patients

A

diabetic kidney disease

33
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A

hyperglycemia - glycosylation of BM

  • increased mesangial membrane and sclerosis
  • granular kidney exterior
34
Q

changes in diabetic nephropathy

A

1 - capillary BM thickened
2 - diffuse mesangial sclerosis
3 - nodular glomerulosclerosis (kimmelstein wilson disease)

35
Q

kimmelstein wilson disease

A

nodular glomerulsclerosis - in diabetic nephropathy

36
Q

IgG-IgM deposits

A

essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

-MPGN type 1 - Hep C infection

37
Q

50% of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients

A

acute tubular injury

38
Q

endothelin

A

vasoconstriction

39
Q

ethylene glycol

A

ballooning and hydropic or vacuolar degeneration of PCT

-also - calcium oxalate crystals in lumens

40
Q

tam horsfall proteins

A

seen in ATI

-hyaline casts - distal tubules and CDs

41
Q

toxic ATI

A

continuous necrosis

42
Q

ischemic ATI

A

patchy necrosis

43
Q

stages of ATI

A

initiation - oliguric, increased BUN, after surgical event
maintenance - decreased urine, hyperkalemia**, rising BUN
recovery - increased urine, hypokalemia, BUN to normal

44
Q

prognosis of ATI

A

90% recover with toxic - if removed early

50% mortality with shock, sepsis, burns, multi-organ fail

45
Q

proximal tubules

A

can regenerate

46
Q

distal tubules

A

don’t recover that well

47
Q

can’t concentrate urine

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis

often polyuria, polydipsia

48
Q

95% cystitis

A

bacterial infection

49
Q

most common cause of pyelonephritis

A

ascending infection - from lower UT

50
Q

50% of UTI in children

A

have VUR

51
Q

pyonephrosis

A

pus in pelvis and calyces

52
Q

perinephric abscess

A

pus through renal capsule

53
Q

glomeruli

A

relatively resistant to infection

54
Q

casts

A

indicate renal involvement - only formed in tubules of kidneys

55
Q

polyomavirus

A

transplant patients

56
Q

nuclear enlargement and intranuclear inclusions

A

polyomavirus infection in transplant patients

RENAL II Exam 2 (10 decks)

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