Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR II Week 4/5/6 > Robbins Ch 15 Part I > Flashcards

Robbins Ch 15 Part I Flashcards

1
Q

What do the rounded type II pneumocytes produce?

A

Surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why type of pulmonary hypoplasia is characterized by reduced space in the thoracic cavity?

Which is characterized by the impaired ability to inhale and can be caused by renal agenesis?

A

1) Diaphragmatic hernia

2) Oligohydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the most common foregut cysts?

A

Bronchogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pulmonary sequestration is characterized as lung tissue that has abnormal vascular supply arising from?

A

The aorta or its branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of pulmonary sequestration has its own pleura?

Which does not?

A

1) Extralobar sequestration

2) Intralobar sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does extralobar sequestration generally come to attention?

A

Mass lesions in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is neonatal respiratory distress syndrome more commonly seen?

A

1) Males
2) Maternal diabetes
3) Delivery by C-section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Lack of surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the surfactant proteins that can be measured with amniocentesis?

A

SP-B, SP-C, and surfactant lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Increased glucose levels in the mother has what effect on the fetus?

What does this lead to?

A

1) Increased insulin levels

2) Inhibits the synthesis of surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What complication is noted from high concentration of ventilator administered oxygen for prolonged periods for infants with RDS?

A

Retrolental fibroplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which form of atelectasis is characterized by complete airway obstruction?

Which is characterized by pleural effusion?

Which is characterized by fibrosis?

A

1) Resorption
2) Compressive
3) Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which direction does the mediastinum shift towards with Resorption Atelectasis?

Why?

A

1) Towards affected lung

2) Lung volume is diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compressive atelectasis can occur due to?

Which direction does the mediastinum shift towards?

A

1) Pneumothorax

2) Away from affected lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hemodynamic pulmonary edema is due to?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure often form left sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a manifestation of Severe Acute Lung Injury (ALI) or Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD)?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are damaged with ALI/ARDS?

This leads to the formation of?

A

1) Type II pneumocytes

2) Hyaline membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does ALI/ARDS present clinically?

A

Dyspnea and tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Tx of ALI/ARDS?

A

Mechanical ventilation while treating the underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Obstructive lung disease will have a FEV1/FVC of?

What about restrictive lung disease?

A

1) FEV1/FVC < 0.8

2) FEV1/FVC is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Emphysema is the irreversible enlargement of airspaces distal to?

What is the etiology?

A

1) Terminal bronchioles

2) Tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common form of emphysema?

A

Centriacinar (centrilobular) Emphysema

23
Q

Panacinar (panlobular) Emphysema is associated with what deficiency?

A

α1-antitrypsin deficiency

24
Q

Distal Acinar (paraseptal) Emphysema is commonly the underlying lesion in?

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax in the young

25
Q

What is the overall pathogenesis of emphysema?

A

Parenchymal destruction

26
Q

How does emphysema present clinically?

A

1) Barrel chested
2) Dyspneic
3) Hunched over
4) Breathes through pursed lips

27
Q

How does emphysema present on CXR?

A

Enlarged lungs with flattened diaphragm

28
Q

The Reid index is a pathological measurement of mucosal gland proliferation in what condition?

A

Chronic bronchitis

29
Q

What is chronic bronchitis defined by?

A

Persistent cough with sputum production for at least three months in at least two consecutive years

30
Q

What does chronic bronchitis morphologically lead to?

A

Mucous gland hyperplasia

31
Q

What Igs are elevated with atopic asthma?

Early onset allergic asthma is associated with what T-cell mediated inflammation?

A

1) IgE

2) Th2 cells

32
Q

What drugs can trigger asthma in individuals with nasal polyps and recurrent rhinitis (Samter’s triad)?

A

Aspirin and NSAIDs

33
Q

What does the late phase of asthma lead to in the bronchial wall?

A

Airway remodeling

34
Q

Polymorphisms in what gene have the strongest and most consistent associations with asthma?

A

IL-13 gene

35
Q

What is found in patients with status asthmaticus?

A

1) Coiled mucus plugs (Curschmann spirals)

2) Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophilic protein galectin-10)

36
Q

Destruction of smooth muscle and elastic tissue by chronic necrotizing infections that leads to permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles is characteristic of?

A

Bronchiectasis

37
Q

Which form of bronchiectasis is due to CFTR inhibiting ENaC?

A

Cystic fibrosis

38
Q

What is the triad seen with Kartagener’s syndrome?

What condition is this syndrome associated with?

A

1) Sinusitis, Bronchiectasis, and Situs inversus

2) Primary ciliary dyskinesia

39
Q

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis is characterized by?

A

Formation of mucous plugs and intense airway inflammation with eosinophils

40
Q

How does the sputum present with bronchiectasis?

A

Foul smelling and sometimes bloody

41
Q

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is related to what genetic factor in a 1/3 of all cases in which it increases mucus secretion resulting in higher risk to downstream fibrosis?

What environmental risk factor is associated?

A

1) MUC5B

2) Cigarette smoking

42
Q

What does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis progress to?

A

Honeycomb lung

43
Q

Which morphological pattern associated with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia do patients tend to be younger and have a better prognosis?

A

Cellular pattern patients (compared to fibrosing pattern)

44
Q

What are characterized by polypoid plugs of loose organizing connective tissue within alveolar ducts, alveoli, and often bronchioles?

What condition are they associated with?

A

1) Masson bodies

2) Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia

45
Q

What condition depends on the amount of dust retained in the airway and lungs?

What makes it worse?

A

1) Pneumoconiosis

2) Cigarette smoking

46
Q

What condition can lead to asymptomatic anthracosis or progressive massive fibrosis?

A

Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis

47
Q

What is the histologic hallmark lesion of silicosis characterized by?

A

A central area of whorled collagen fibers with a more peripheral zone of dust-laden macrophages

48
Q

What is found on CXR for silicosis?

A

Eggshell calcifications (calcified hilar lymph nodes)

49
Q

Silicosis increases the susceptibility to?

A

1) Tuberculosis

2) Lung cancer

50
Q

Shipyard workers, construction, and demolition (ceiling insulation) all have an increased risk for?

A

Asbestos

51
Q

Asbestosis is indistinguishable from diffuse interstitial fibrosis (honeycomb pattern) except for the presence of?

How are they described?

A

1) Asbestos bodies (aka Ferruginous Bodies)

2) Dumbbell shaped

52
Q

What are the most common manifestation of asbestos exposure that histologically shows hyalinized collagen?

A

Pleural plaque

53
Q

What does sarcoidosis lead to?

Where is it most common in the U.S?

What are the laminated, calcified proteinaceous concentrations morphologically found in sarcoidosis?

What are the stellate inclusions within giants cells morphologically found in sarcoidosis?

A

1) Non-caseating granulomas
2) South
3) Schaumann bodies
4) Asteroid bodies

54
Q

Bilateral sarcoidosis of the major salivary glands is known as?

A

Mikulicz syndrome

CPR II Week 4/5/6 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions