Robbins Basic Pathology: Clinical manifestations of renal diseases Flashcards
What is Azotemia?
Elevated BUN and creatinine levels
What is prerenal azotemia and what causes it?
An elevation of BUN and creatinine caused by problems before the kidney. Hypoperfusion causing decreased GFR is one of the primary causes
What causes post renal azotemia?
Obstruction of urine flow below the kidney.
What is uremia?
Azotemia that has progressed to systemic biochemical abnormalities and clinical manifestations
In addition to renal excretory failure what other pathologies are associated with uremia?
(1) uremic gastroenteritis
(2) peripheral neuropathy
(3) uremic fibrinous pericarditis
What is acute nephritic syndrome?
A glomerular syndrome characterized by
(1) grossly visible hematuria
(2) mild to moderate proteinuria
(3) azotemia
(4) edema
(5) Hypertension
What diseases classically presents with acute nephritic syndrome?
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
A glomerular syndrome characterized by
(1) proteinuria >3.5g/d
(2) Hypoalbuminemia
(3) severe edema
(4) Hyperlipidemia/lipiduria
What is asymptomatic hematuria/proteinuria?
A combination of nephritic/nephrotic syndrome that is typically causes by subtle or mild glomerular abnormalities.
What is chronic renal failure?
CRF is the end result of all chronic renal diseases and is characterized by prolonged symptoms and signs of uremia
What are urinary tract infections?
microbial infections of the urinary tract characterized by bacteria, pyuria, pyelonephritis, and cystitis.
What is nephrolithiasis?
The formation of stones in the urinary tract. May present with renal colic and hematuria.
