Renal Pharmacology: Kidney Toxicity

Question 1

What drugs are associated with pre-renal renal failure?

Answer 1

(1) DIURETICS
(2) ACE inhibitors
(3) ARBs
(4) antihypertensives.

Question 2

What drugs are associated with ARF from vasocontriction?

Answer 2

(1) NSAIDs
(2) radiocontrast
(3) cyclosporin
(4) Tacrolimus
(5) Amphotericin B

Question 3

What drugs are associated with crystalluria?

Answer 3

(1) SULFONAMIDES
(2) methotrexate
(3) acyclovir
(4) Triamterene
(5) protease inhibitors.

Question 4

What drugs are associated with tubular toxicity?

Answer 4

(1) AMINOGLYCOSIDES
(2) Cisplatin
(3) Vancomycin
(4) Pentamidine
(5) radiocontrast dyes.

Question 5

What drugs are associated with endothelial injury?

Answer 5

(1) CYCLOSPORINE
(2) mitomycin C
(3) tacrolimus
(4) Cocaine
(5) conjugated estrogens
(6) Quinine

Question 6

What drugs are associated with glomerulopathy?

Answer 6

(1) PENICILLAMINE

(2) NSAIDs

Question 7

What drugs are associated with interstitial nephritis?

Answer 7

(1) ANTIBIOTICS
(2) NSAIDs
(3) diuretics.

Question 8

What effects can acetominophen have on the kidney?

Answer 8

(1) proximal tubular necrosis
(2) increased BUN and creatinine
(3) decreased GFR

Question 9

What is analgesic nephropathy?

Answer 9

The long term use of NSAIDs or acetominophen can lead to vasocontriction, ischemia, leading to chronic interstitial nephritis and papillary necrosis.

Question 10

How do aminoglycosides damage kidney cells?

Answer 10

Aminoglycosides cause an increase in the number and size of lysosomes this leads to rupture of the lysosomes and cytotoxicity.

Question 11

How does amphotericin B damage the kidney?

Answer 11

amphotericin B impairs the functional integrity of the glomeruli and tubules leading to decreased renal blood flow and GFR.

Question 12

How does cyclosporin cause kidney injury?

Answer 12

Cyclosporine causes kidney injury by renal dysfunction and acute vasculopathy that may in mediated by thromboxane induced vasoconstriction.

Question 13

How does Cisplatin damage the kidneys?

Answer 13

Cisplatin damages the kidneys through its MOA. It tends to cause focal necrotic lesions that lead to a permanent loss of 10-30% of renal function.

Question 14

How do radiocontrast dyes cause renal damage?

Answer 14

Radio-contrast dyes damage kidneys by causing acute vasoconstriction and generating reactive oxygen species.