Robbery Flashcards
Act
S8(1) the theft act 1968
Definition
D steals, and immediately before or at the time of doing so, and in order to do so, uses force on any person or seeks to put any person in fear of being then and there subjected to force
D must…
D must commit theft (Robinson)
Force or threat of force
Force is an ordinary word, up to the jury to decide, very little force is needed (dawson & James). Not enough force (RP&others). D must seek to put V in fear; V need not actually be put in fear (Bentham)
On any person
The force can be used on V, someone with or near to V, or on Vs property (clouded)
Immediately before or at the time of stealing
If the force is used after the theft, the jury may decide that the appropriation continues until the force arrives, so that the force is interpreted as being at the time of stealing (hale)
In order to steal/ threat of force must be used in order to steal
Force that is nothing to do with thr theft does not amount to robbery (R v James)
MR for theft: dishonest
S2(1) D is not dishonest if he believes (a) he has a legal right to the property, (b) owner would consent to appropriation, (c) owner cannot be discovered by taking reasonable steps (Holden). Test (Barton and booth) (a) was the Ds actual state of knowledge or belief to the facts, (b) was his conduct dishonest by the standard of ordinary people
MR for theft: intention to permanently deprive
S6(1) intention to treat the property as his own, to dispose of regardless of the owners rights (DPP v lavender)
MR for theft /use of force
Intention (Mohan)
Recklessness (Cunningham)