road to revolution

Question 1

What is Mercantilism?

Answer 1

Economic system where colonies exist to benefit the mother country

Question 2

How does Mercantilism affect the colonies?

Answer 2

Colonies are required to trade raw materials/natural resources with their mother country and are also a market for their finished products

Question 3

What are the Navigation Acts?

Answer 3

Laws made to control trade with the American colonies- requiring the colonies to sell their raw materials to England first

Question 4

Why did England create the Navigation Act?

Answer 4

England will get rich by buying the raw materials cheap and using them to make expensive finished products to sell

Question 5

What were the causes of the French and Indian War?

Answer 5

England and France were fighting over control of North America (Ohio River Valley)
Fur trade and Mississippi River

Question 6

Who fought the French and Indian War? List the advantages and disadvantages both parties had?

Answer 6

British: Larger population, and they have troops in the country.
French and most other Native Americans (except Iroquois):
Had forts
All under same governor
Had more help from Native American

Question 7

Why didn’t Native American tribes like the British colonists?

Answer 7

British colonists cut down forests to build homes and make farms
Destroys Native American hunting grounds - forcing them to leave

Question 8

What was the purpose of Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union?

Answer 8

To unite the 13 colonies for common defense in French and Indian War

Question 9

What did the Treaty of Paris of 1763 say?

Answer 9

Ended French power in North America
Had to give up their land to England and Spain

Question 10

What did the Proclamation of 1763 state? Why did England create this law?

Answer 10

Law that prohibited colonists moving West of the Appalachian Mountains onto the Ohio River Valley that they just won.
England did this so there wouldn’t be more fights with Native Americans
This made colonists angry

Question 11

Why did Great Britain begin taxing the colonies?

Answer 11

To pay off war debt from the French and Indian War

Question 12

What is the Stamp Act?

Answer 12

law that taxed legal documents newspapers, playing cards, dice

Question 13

Why did Sam Adams create the Sons of Liberty?

Answer 13

To protest British policies of taxation without representation

Question 14

What does the phrase “no taxation without representation” mean?

Answer 14

Parliament should not pass laws that created taxes in the colonies because no one was representing the colonies in Parliament

Question 15

What does it mean to boycott?

Answer 15

Refusing to buy goods

Question 16

What goods did the Townshend Acts tax?

Answer 16

Laws that taxed paper, glass, tea, lead and paint

Question 17

Explain what happened at the Boston Massacre.

Answer 17

British troops shot and killed 5 colonists after being surrounded by colonists and soldiers being harassed and assaulted.
Colonists used this as propaganda against England

Question 18

Why did colonists destroy British tea by throwing it in Boston Harbor?

Answer 18

Protest of the Tea Act
Did not want to be forced into buying tea from England

Question 19

Why did England pass the Intolerable Acts?

Answer 19

To punish the colonists of Boston and Massachusetts for destroying more than 400 chests of British tea in the ‘Boston Tea Party’

Question 20

What are the four laws of the Intolerable Acts?

Answer 20

*a. Boston Port Act - closed Boston Harbor
b. Massachusetts Government Act - limited town meetings to once a year
c. Administration of Justice Act - British officials stand trial in England not in the colonies
*d. Quartering Act - soldiers can live in colonists houses

Question 21

What colony did not attend the First Continental Congress? Why?

Answer 21

Georgia because they needed British troops to help fight against Native Americans

Question 22

What was decided at the First Continental Congress?

Answer 22

Boycott all British goods
No exports to Britain
Each colony creates a militia

Question 23

What is the purpose of a militia?

Answer 23

To have a volunteer army of citizens in case of an emergency

Question 24

What happened at Lexington and Concord?

Answer 24

First fighting between British soldiers and colonial militias -
**Paul Revere had warned the militias the soldiers were coming!

Question 25

What does it mean to be a Patriot?

Answer 25

a colonists who supported independence from England - wants the colonies to fight England to be their own country

Question 26

What does it mean to be a Loyalist?

Answer 26

a colonists who is loyal to England and does not want to separate

Question 27

Why did the Second Continental Congress send the Olive Branch Petition to King George? What was his response?

Answer 27

They were promising peace if the Intolerable Acts are repealed
King George didn’t even read it

Question 28

What was the impact of Thomas Paine’s ‘Common Sense’?

Answer 28

pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
convinced people to be Patriots

Question 29

Why did the colonists write the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 29

To explain why the colonists are separating from England and starting the American Revolution

Question 30

What important ideas are presented in the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 30

All men are created equal
People are born with natural rights - life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
Government gets its power from the people