Road Construction Method Flashcards
is a structure that link
barangays and cities in the country, and
serve as medium in transporting goods
and commodities from one place to
another, and as communication link
which brings economic development to
a nation.
road
the main highway trunk
line system that is continuous in extent that goes
from province to province and region to region.
Primary National Road
connects a provincial or
national road to a public wharf or railway station.
Secondary National Road
connects two
municipalities or cities within a province
Provincial Road
street within the urban area of the
city.
City Road
street within the poblacion area of a municipality.
Municipal Road
street located outside the
poblacion area of a municipality or urban area
of a city and those outside industrial,
commercial areas or residential subdivisions.
Barangay Road
are those roads of national
importance. They are frequently used by traffic
and leads to vital areas such as major cities and
installations.
Major roads
are roads which is local in nature as
it serves only the interest of the locality such as a
street.
Minor roads
It is the simplest form of road constructed by
shaping and smoothing the natural soil
traversed by the road line.
Earth Road
It is sometimes termed as an all weather road
and are used to construct Farm to Market
Roads which serves to connect rural and
agricultural areas to market towns.
Gravel Road
It is frequently described as flexible pavement
implying its ability to absorb the stresses
imposed by traffic and weather without
cracking.
Asphalt Road
It is sometimes termed rigid pavement because it is
strong in resisting compressive load but weak in
resisting tensile stresses.
PCC Pavement Road
is the upper layer of natural soil which
may be the undisturbed local materials, or soil
excavated elsewhere placed as fill.
Subgrade
are
individual stabilizing layers of selected material and
designed thickness placed on top of the subgrade to
distribute the load transmitted from the surface
course.
Aggregate Subbase and Base Courses
is the uppermost structural
component of the roadway, which provides
resistance to wear and shearing stress due to traffic
load.
Surface Course
are located beside the carriage way
which is the total width available for passing vehicles,
and is used to receive lateral clearance to protect
major structures on the roadside, to secure safety
and comfort of both motorists and pedestrians and
for emergency stopping purposes.
Shoulders
are located beneath or
alongside the roadway used in collecting,
transporting and disposing of surface water
originating in or near the road right-of-way.
Drainage Structures
are constructed
along the side of the roadway to stabilize the
slopes.
Slope Protection Structures
are constructed along the side
of the roadway if there are space constrictions.
Retaining Walls
Determines the actual position of the
road structure based on the plans
As - Stake Survey
Becomes necessary to divert traffic
from any existing roadway whenever
the construction operations block the
flow of traffic.
Detour Roads
A road by which a job is connected to
the highway system and is generally
used in connection with borrow pits.
Access Roads
It means removing and disposing all
surface objects including vegetation,
trees and other protruding objects not
designated to remain along the roadway.
Clearing and Grubbing
is the upper layer of natural soil
which may be the undisturbed local materials or
soil excavated elsewhere placed as fill.
subgrade
earth fill below the pavement
necessary to raise the road above flood levels.
Embankment
suitable material from sources
outside the roadway prism, used for
embankments.
Borrow
the angle of constructed soil plane
usually expressed in proportion of length and
depth.
Slope
the average depth of embankment material
needed to be placed on top of the natural
ground at any designated location along the
roadway to satisfy the designed grade.
Fill
the average depth needed in excavating
the natural found at a specific location along
the road traverse to satisfy the designed grade.
Cut
removing earth from its original
position in a cut and transporting it to a fill or
to waste deposit.
Excavation
the pressing of soil particles to
expel air from the mass and filling the voids to
make the material more dense.
Compaction
a tool for economic road
building, material conservation, investment
protection and roadway upgrading.
Soil Stabilization
suitable native material
obtained from roadway cuts or borrow areas
or other similar material used for subbase,
roadbed material, shoulder surfacing slope
cover or other specific purposes.
Selected Borrow
The layer of material
placed on an existing surface to eliminate
irregularities prior to placing an overlaying
course.
Leveling Course
It is the process of loosening and
removing earth from its original
position and transporting same for fill
or to a waste deposit.
Roadway Excavation
Involves excavation of common
materials used as embankment fill
which results from excavation along
the road traverse.
Common Excavation
Is the removal and disposal of saturated
or unsaturated mixtures of soils and
organic matter not suitable for
foundation materials.
Unsuitable Excavation
Consists of igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks which cannot be
excavated without blasting or the use
of rippers.
Rock Excavation
Excavation and disposal of materials
regardless of its nature which were not
classified and included in the bill of
quantities under other pay items.
Unclassified Excavation
Are suitable materials excavated
along the road traverse which are
disposed as excess in the
formation of embankment
subgrade.
Surplus Excavation
Are suitable materials which can be
common or rock which are brought
and compacted together to a
specified degree to form a stable
embankment to bring the road to a
desired grade or to elevate it above
flood level.
Embankment Fill
Compaction trial of not less than _____. is done to determine the actual capability of the compaction equipment and the compatibility of the material to be used.
500 sq.m
is
conducted on site in order to determine if
the required compaction specification has
been attained to a specific layer.
Field Density Test
are painted sticks placed
along the side of the road traverse as guide
and reference in the elevation of the
different layering requirements of the road
project
Blue Tops
is a structural
layer which accepts greater
compressive stress than the subgrade
and thus reduces the deformation of the
pavement under traffic loading.
subbase course
reduces the vertical
compressive stress induced by traffic in
the subbase course and the subgrade.
base course
PCCP
Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
It protects the base against damage by
traffic and weather.
Concrete
Pavement
concrete ability to be placed in
a prepared form without honeycomb.
Workability
measure of fluidity of
concrete.
Consistency
describes the
compressive strength of concrete mix.
Water-cement ratio
are substances other than
aggregates water and Portland cement that
can be added to concrete to improve its
properties and fulfill other special purposes.
Admixture
is the treatment or protection
applied to concrete during hardening period to
protect against early shrinkage due to lose of
moisture or abrupt changes in temperature.
Curing agent
Also called cold joint.
Construction Joint
Are provided to relieve the tensile
stresses due to temperature, moisture,
and friction, thereby controlling
cracking.
Contraction Joint
Deformed steel tie bars of specified
length, size and spacing are placed
perpendicular to this joint.
Longitudinal Joint
Provide space for the expansion of
the pavement, thereby preventing
the development of compressive
stresses which can cause the
pavement to buckle.
Expansion Joint
are normally used in
expansion joints, and their
diameter, spacing, and length
would generally be similar to that
indicated for contraction joints.
Dowel bars
Are plain round steel bars generally
coated with a thin file of bitumen to
protect them against corrosion and to
facilitate sliding in concrete.
Dowels
Are deformed bars used in
construction and longitudinal joints
together with keys to tie two slabs
together.
Tie bars
is used to grade concrete in such manner as to prevent segregation.
screeder
after the concrete has been struck off and
consolidated it is further smoothened by means of a
longitudinal float.
Floating
is executed by producing a uniform
appearance of corrugations produced in the surface
not more than 1.5 mm. in depth.
Brooming
Is necessary for the hydration to take
place so that the concrete may harden
properly and prevent abrupt loss of
moisture during the curing period.
Concrete Curing
the most popular method which
involves the spray application of light-colored fluid to
the entire area of the wet concrete.
Curing compound
is done within 24 hours after concrete pouring water using cooled diamond edge saw blade
Concrete sawing
is made of mineral aggregate mixed
with asphalt laid at a high temperature
of about 275 to 300 degree F
Asphalt Concrete
Pavement
It ensure the adhesion of the surface
course to the binder course.
Tack Coat
It is a bituminous layer below the
surface or wearing course.
Binder Course
It should be smooth yet skid resistant,
quiet, in contact with tires, cohesive
and durable enough to resist traffic
stresses and sufficiently impermeable
to water and air to resist weathering.
Wearing Course
is meant to
stabilize the foundation bed to avoid
any possible settlement that might
impair the function of the drainage
structure and also to serve as a uniform
cushion to the culvert.
Foundation Fill
are constructed along the side of the
road as protection from erosion or if
there are space constrictions.
Slope protection/retaining structures
is an ideal equipment to use in
the excavation of foundation for grouted
riprap.
backhoe
After grouting, the surface is cured for a period of at least _____ from the date of installation.
3 days
thickness of not less than
150 mm, and widths of not less than
one and one-half times their
respective thickness, and lengths of
not less than one and one-half times
their respective widths.
Boulders
composed of one part of
Portland Cement and two parts of
fine aggregate by volume and
sufficient water to make the mortar
such consistency that it can be
handled easily and spread with a
trowel.
Mortar
Wire mesh in varying thickness and width
which is filled with boulders in placed to
form a slope protection structure.
Gabion Mattress
It is the raised rim of concrete which
forms the edge of the sidewalk
Curb
is the horizontal paved
portion slightly inclined.
Gutter
It is for use of pedestrians
Concrete Sidewalk
It is used to restrain and guide
out-of-control vehicle in a manner that
will cause the least damage and not
create undue hazard to other vehicles.
Guardrails
