RNAV / RNP / PBN

Question 1

What PBN stands for?

Answer 1

PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION

Question 2

What PBN means?

Answer 2

PBN means that an airplane is able to fly while meeting a required navigation performance expressed in nm

Question 3

Which on-board system the airplane uses to meet this required navigation performance?

Answer 3

Uses GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System ) which the GPS is the most utilized type

And a on-board PERFORMANCE MONITORING ALERTING SYSTEM
(This system is able to monitor and alert the crew if the navigation system is having or experiencing any malfunction)

Question 4

Which are the advantages on flying and using the PBN?

Answer 4

Replacement of VISUAL AND CIRCLING TO LAND procedures

Lower the weather minima

Better safety margin & lower workload

Cost saving

Question 5

What is and means ABAS?

Answer 5

ABAS stands for ( AIRCRAFT-BASED AUGMENTATION SYSTEM )

RAIM is a form of ABAS

ABAS system basically augments the information from the navigation system GNSS and integrates them with the Airplane Systems

Question 6

What is a BARO-VNAV

Answer 6

Barometric vertical navigation, is a system which provide to the pilot a vertical guidance of 3 degrees path based on barometric altitude data

Question 7

What is a GNSS

Answer 7

Is a generic term for all satellites navigations systems and their augmentations

GPS ABAS SBAS GBAS GALILEO GLONASS

Question 8

Which is the minima associated with the baro-vnav?

Answer 8

LNAV - VNAV minima

Question 9

Which approach includes the RNP generic term?

Answer 9

LP approaches ( localizer approach ) only lateral guidance also known as NPA (SBAS)

LNAV approaches NPA

Apv baro-VNAV

LPV SBAS loc + vertical guidance

Question 10

What is an NPA?

Answer 10

Is by all means an approach down to an LNAV minima which means no vertical guidance is provided down to an MDA OR DA

Question 11

What is a Baro-VNAV?

Answer 11

These are known as well as APV- BARO VNAV approaches down to a DA (LNAV/VNAV minima) providing a lateral and vertical guidance

The vertical path is a geometric path calculated from 50ft from the RWY to the FAF

Question 12

Which are the condition to meet before to start the APV- BARO VNAV APPROACH?

Answer 12

1. Local QNH is set in the altimeters
2. A vertical RNP must be entered in the RNP progress page 125 ft
3. Use of VNAV as pitch is mandatory, V/S is NOT a backup option
4. TEMPERATURE limits published on the chart must be followed in order to fly and use an LNAV/VNAV minima
5. PM. To monitor the performance in RNP PROGRESS PAGE

Question 13

What is an RNP (AR) APPROACH?

Answer 13

These are different approach compared to the other RNP APRCH, in at least one of the following feature :

1. They may have curved legs
2. RNP may be below 0.3 consequently the obstacle separations are lower and minima too is lower
3. They may have missed approach lower then 1.0

Chart header will be RNP (AR)

Question 14

Which are the REQUIRED equipments or systems for an RNP APPROACH?

Answer 14

AP/FD 1/2

FMC……2

CDU……2

DME……. -

GPS……..1

FMC DATABASE…..CURRENT

IRS/ADIRU in NAV mode…….2

ND……..2

EGPWS……1

Mini map maybe used

Question 15

When only RNAV is available to the destination airport, what requirements you have in order to choose an ALTN DESTINATION airport?

Answer 15

Must have a conventional approach available

Question 16

An RNP airport can be selected as TAKEOFF ALTN ?

Answer 16

No cannot be selected as ALTN

Question 17

When using LNAV-VNAV MINIMA which VERTICAL mode you have to use?

Answer 17

Vnav mode

Question 18

In which condition i cannot use the LNAV / VNAV MINIMA?

Answer 18

When the airport temperature is NOT within the limits published in the charts, or

No chart limits published and temperature is below 0

Question 19

Which FMC modifications are allowed when preparing for the approaches?

Answer 19

“At or above” may be made as HARD constraint “at”

Speed may only be reduced

Cold wx temp correction if needed

Question 20

When a GA is necessary?

Answer 20

When:

Any RNP required system FAIL

VTK or XTK or either NPS is lost or in degraded mode

If ANP EXCEEDS RNP

ANY AMBER indication

Verify position, unable RNP, single FMC……

Question 21

Definition of PBN GENERIC

Answer 21

PBN is a concept of navigation developed around AREA NAVIGATION system (RNAV)

Recognizes and utilizes modern technologies and improved aircraft technologies capabilities

Providing new obstacle clearances and route design for ( oceanic routes - remote enroute ,terminal and approaches )

Question 22

What is the characteristics of conventional navigation?

Answer 22

Rely only on ground base NAV-AID

Accuracy depends on how far is the airplane from them

And routes are mostly a straight line

Question 23

PBN ADVANTAGES ENROUTE

Answer 23

Uses positions from satellites, Transmitting to airplane IRS and get some reference from some ground station

This increase safety , re design routes and approaches tracks and maintain a navigation error linear