RNA VIRUSES Flashcards
1
Q
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV, Lassa fever virus (shock, respiratory distress, hemorrhage, death),
Lujo virus (hemorrhagic fever)
A
Old World Arenaviridae
2
Q
Chapare, Guanarito, Junin, Machupo, Sabia, Whitewater Arroyo viruses (hemorrhagic fevers)
A
New World Arenaviridae
3
Q
BSL for Arenaviridae
A
BSL III
4
Q
Star-like surface structure
A
Astroviridae
5
Q
Gastroenteritis - Pediatric infections, military troops, nursing home, immunocompromised
A
Astroviridae
6
Q
best for detection of Astroviridae
A
Electron microscope
7
Q
Previously known as Norwalk virus and Sapporo-like virus
A
Human caliciviruses (HuCVs)
8
Q
most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide; affects all age groups
A
Norovirusq
9
Q
causes gastroenteritis in infants and toddlers
A
Sapovirus
10
Q
Crown-like surface projections
A
Coronavirus
11
Q
Horshoe bats → Civet cat →Human
A
SARS-CoV
12
Q
Bats→ Camel → Human
A
MERS-CoV
13
Q
Bats →Armadillo(?)→ Human
A
SARS-CoV2
14
Q
source of SARS-CoV 2
A
hunan seafood and animal market in Wuhan, China
15
Q
MOT SARS-CoV 2
A
contaminated respiratory secretions and aerosols
16
Q
receptor of SARS-CoV2
A
angiotensin converting enzyme 2 paired with the membrane protease (TRMPSS2
17
Q
SARS-CoV 2 incubation period
A
2-14 days from exposure
18
Q
initial symptoms
A
Headache, high fever, body ache, shortness of breath, low oxygen saturation (O2 sat), diarrhea, dry cough,
anosmia, dysgeusia
19
Q
loss of sense of taste
A
dysguesia
20
Q
SARS-CoV2 disease
A
Asymptomatic to mild to severe acute respiratory disease, cardiac abnormalities, coagulopathies, immune
syndromes (cytokine storm)
21
Q
specimen for SARS-CoV2
A
NPS/OPS, Sputum, Saliva, Nasal swab, Bronchial washing, NPS aspirate
22
Q
Filamentous, pleomorphic, long rod-like
A
Filoviridae
23
Q
Ebolavirus strains
A
Zaire, Sudan, Bundibugyo, Reston, Tai forest (formerly Cote d’Ivoire or Ivory coast)
24
Q
Ebola virus MOT
A
Contact with infected primate, droplets, aerosols, direct contact
25
Yellow virus vector
Aedes aegypti
26
signs and symptoms related to yellow fever virus
Infection of liver (jaundice), dusky pallor, bleeding of gums, hemorrhagic tendencies that cause black vomit, melena, ecchymoses (________________)
27
melena
black tarry stool
28
ecchymoses
bruises
29
causes Dengue fever, Breakbone fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic fever (fever, arthritis, rashes, plasma leakage, severe:
bleeding)
dengue virus
30
most prevalent arbovirus infection in world affecting mainly adults and older children
dengue virus
31
dengue virus vector
Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
32
dengue virus incubation
4-7 days
33
tests for dengue
CBC (↑Lymphocyte ↓ Platelets), Torniquet test, NS1 Antigen ELISA, Dengue Duo (IgM/IgG)
34
decrease level of platelets in dengue virus
150-400/450
35
confirmatory tests for dengue virus
plaque reduction/neutralization test (PRNT)
36
purpose of confirmatory test for RMT
to identify the serotype of the dengue (RITM)
37
West Nile Virus reservoir
BIRDS
38
west nile virus vector
mosquito
39
West Nile virus transmission
blood transfusion, tissue transplantation, via human breast milk
40
West Nile virus infection
Fever, headache, joint pain, diarrhea, leukopenia, sever: encephalitis/meningitis
41
Associated with neuropathy, myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, microcephaly, congenital malformations
zika virus
42
zika virus MOT
Mother to fetus during pregnancy, sexual contact, transfusion of blood and blood products, and organ
transplantation
43
zika virus is detected in
whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, CSF, semen, saliva, amniotic fluid
44
tests for zika virus
<7 days - NAAT
>7 days - ELISA (IgM)
45
Previously included in the Bunyaviridae
hantaviridae
46
rodent borne transmission
hantaviridae
47
sin nombre meaning
no name
48
sin nombre virus host
deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
49
sin nombre causes
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
50
Bayou virus carrier
rice rat
51
black creek canal virus carrier
cotton rat
52
new york-1 virus carrier
white footed mouse
53
Has segmented genome
orthomyxoviridae
54
distinguish influenza virus A,B, and C
Matrix (M) protein and Nucleoprotein (NP)
55
subdivision of influenza A virus
Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA)
56
influenza A infection
human, bird, seal, cats, horses, swine
57
influenza B and C infection
humans only
58
most severe and most common antigen shift
influenza A
59
influenza A
H1N1 – Spanish flu/Swine flu
H2:N2 – Asian flu
H3:N2 – Hongkong flu
H5:N1 – Avian/Bird’s flu
H7:N9 – Avian flu (poultries) in China
60
common and mild influenza
influenza B
61
less common and mild form of influenza
influenza C
62
coinfection and secondary to influenza infection
MRSA
63
new gold standard for identification of respiratory viruses
RT-PCR
64
Antigenic characterization of Influenza viruses
Hemagglutination-inhibition test
65
Has no segmented genome
Paramyxoviridae
66
Primary cause of UPPER respiratory disease in young children
parainfluenza virus
67
severe respiratory infections in adults requiring hospitalizations
parainfluenza 1 and 3
68
Croup A.K.A. Laryngotracheobronchitis
paramyxoviridae
69
most common cause of croup
parainfluenza 1
70
Second most common cause of viral respiratory disease in infants and very young
children that is associated with severe disease and fatalities.
parainfluenza 3
71
the only one that do not cause croup
parainfluenza 4
72
tests for parainfluenza virus
NAAT, Cell culture confirmed by IFA or IDA
73
high fever, fatigue, inflamed parotid (salivary) gland
mumps virus
74
complications of mumps virus
meningoencephalitis, orchitis, oophoritis, polyarthritis, and pancreatitis
75
samples for mumps virus
oral fluid, CSF, Saliva, throat (stensen's duct) swab, urine
76
hallmark of measles/rubeola virus
koplik spots
77
Bluish white spots with red halo in buccal or labial mucosa
koplik spots
78
complications of measles/rubeola virus
Congenital malformations if pregnant; Encephalomyelitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
79
one of smallest virus relevant to human
picornaviridae
80
aseptic meningitis, paralytic poliomyelitis, and encephalitis, in addition to respiratory illness, myocarditis,
and pericarditis
enteroviruses
81
specimens for picornaviridae
stool or rectal swabs, NPS or OPS, CSF, serum conjunctival swab or tears for hyperemia conjunctivitis
82
Picornaviridae MOT
respiratory, fecal oral
83
Causes poliomyelitis (inflammation of anterior horn cells of spinal cord) and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)
Poliovirus
84
parenteral and inactivated vaccines for poliovirus
salk (salk salk - saksak - parenteral)
85
oral and live attenuated vaccines for poliovirus
sabin (sabi - mouth)
86
herpangina, Hand-Foot-Mouth disease, Aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie A
87
Pleurodynia (Devil’s grip/Bamble’s disease), Aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie B
88
formerly ECHO virurs
Parecho Virus
89
ECHO virus
Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan
90
Mild gastrointestinal and respiratory illness, meningitis, and neonatal sepsis in children
Parecho virus
91
Common colds (self-limiting, and rarely encountered in clinical setting)
Rhinovirus
92
true or false
rhinovirus is acid sensitive
true
93
Respiratory Enteric Orphan virus
REOvirus
94
Outer shell, inner shell, core (wheel-like or rota appearance)
Rotavirus
95
Major causative agent of infantile severe gastroenteritis (6 months to 3 years old)
rotavirus
96
suspected cause of outbreak of rotavirus in nursing home, hospital, day care centers
airborne transmission
97
tests for rotavirus
ELISA, Latex agglutination, RT-PCR
98
cause of enteritis in all age
norovirus/norwalk virus (norWALK nakakalakad na)
99
cause of enteritis in infantile to minor
sapovirus
100
Most significant cause of LOWER respiratory tract infection in children (<5 years old); Bronchiolitis
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
101
mediates host cell fusion into syncytial cells
F (fusion) protein
102
hallmark of RSV
syncytia
103
upper respiratory tract
"para-"
104
Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and lower respiratory tract infection in older adults
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
105
2nd or 3rd most common cause of pediatric hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infections
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
106
gold standard for HMPV
NAAT
107
TAX gene causes T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and myelopathy/tropical spastic paresis
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
108
more aggressive and cause of HIV pandemic
HIV 1
109
seen mostly in africa
HIV 2
110
Causes of HIV infection from highest incidence rate to lowest
MSM (male to male) > heterosexual contact > IV drug of use > vertical
111
normal CD4:CD8 ratio
2:1 (≥1.5)
112
HIV/AIDS CD4:CD8
1:2 (<0.1)
113
hallmark of AIDS
decreased CD4
114
CD4 in stage 1
≥ 29%/≥500 cells/uL/mm3
115
CD4 in stage 2
14-28%/200-499 cells/uL
116
CD4 in stage 3
<14%/<200 cells/uL (AIDS)
117
no AIDS-defining condition
stage 1&2
118
Observation of AIDS-defining condition with positive laboratory confirmation
stage 3
119
envelope genes
gp160, gp120, gp41
120
Precursor of envelope glycoprotein
gp160
121
outer envelope glycoprotein
gp120
122
transmembrane envelope glycoprotein
gp41
123
group-specific antigen (Gag gene)
p24
124
nucleocapsid core protein
p24
125
polymerase (Pol gene)
p51, p32
126
reverse transcriptase
p51
127
integrase
p32
128
patients with no antibody response
newborn, elderly, immunocompromised
129
HIV test for newborn
PCR/NAAT
130
HIV prophylaxis taken 3 days before/3 hours after
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
131
PrEP taken orally daily
Emtriciabine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
132
parenteral PrEP taken monthly
Cabotegravir
133
HIV prophylaxis taken within 72 hours from exposure
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
134
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
Emtriciabine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or Raktegravir
135
HIV Treatments
- Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
136
bullet shaped virus
Rhabdovirus/Rabies virus
137
heightened aggression and agitation
furious type
138
lethargy and paralysis
dumb type
139
Fastest, Most sensitive, Gold standard method for Rabies
Direct Immunofluorescent Antibody
140
used for negri bodies in CNS biopsy
Seller's stain
