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Virology PPT > RNA +sense > Flashcards

RNA +sense Flashcards

1
Q

RNA + SENSE VIRUSES

A

Picornaviridae
Togaviridae
Flaviviridae
Calciviridae
Coronaviridae

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2
Q

Enveloped RNA positive sense

A

Togaviridae
Flaviviridae
Coronaviridae

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3
Q

RNA PROPERTIES

A

● RNA is labile and transient
● Most RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm
● Cells cannot replicate RNA. RNA viruses must encode an RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase

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4
Q

Genome structure of RNA determines?

A

mechanisms of transcription and replication

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5
Q

REMINDER‼️
RNA viruses are prone to mutation

A
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6
Q

RNA VIRUS

The genome structure polarity determine

A

how viral messenger RNA (mRNA) is generated and proteins are processes RNA viruses

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7
Q

REMINDER‼️‼️

RNA viruses, except for (+) RNA genome, must carry polymerases.

A
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8
Q

REMINDER‼️‼️

ALL (-) RNA viruses are envelope

A
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9
Q

_________________ resembles mRNA and is translated into a polyprotein which is proteolyzed.

A

(+) RNA genome

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10
Q

Positive sense uses __________ for replication

A

(-) RNA template

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11
Q

What viruses? early proteins are translated from the genome and late proteins from smaller mRNAs transcribed from template

A

togaviruses
coronaviruses
caliciviruses

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12
Q

(-) RNA

A

Orthomyxoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Rhabdoviruses
Filoviruses
Bunyaviruses

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13
Q

is a template for individual mRNAs

A

(-) RNA genome

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14
Q

Required for replication in negative sense rna

A

full-length (+) RNA template

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15
Q

What virus replicate and transcribe in the nucleus, and each segment of the genome encodes one
mRNA and is a template

A

Orthomyxoviruses

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16
Q

(+/-) Segmented RNA genome is a template for mRNA (+RNA)

A

Reovirus

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17
Q

genome is converted into DNA, which is integrated into the host chromatin and transcribed as a cellular gene

A

Retrovirus

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18
Q

Picornavidae size

A

Aprrox. 30

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19
Q

Picornaviridae disease

A

Cardioviruses
Polioviruses (coxsackie viruses)
Parechoviruses
Enteroviruses
Hepatitis A
Rhinoviruses

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20
Q

from the Italian word piccolo, meaning “small”

A

Picornaviridae

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21
Q

Picornaviridae genome structure

A

Single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses

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22
Q

Among the simplest of the RNA viruses

A

Picornaviridae

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23
Q

Highly structured capsid that has limited surface elaboration

A

Picornaviridae

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24
Q

Picornaviridae family includes

A

enteroviruses
RVs
parechovirus
Cardioviruses
HAV

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25
Q

Poliovirus morphology

A

Naked + ssRNA (icosahedral symmetry)

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26
Q

Poliovirus transmission

A

Oral-fecal route

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27
Q

Poliovirus pathogenesis

A

Replicates in motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord causing paralysis

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28
Q

Poliovirus spectrum of disease

A

Poliomyelitis
Meningitis

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29
Q

Poliovirus diagnosis

A

Cowdry type B
intranuclear inclusion

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30
Q

Prevention of poliovirus

A

Salk (IPV; killed virus)
Sabin vaccination (OPV; live attenuated virus)

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31
Q

Poliovirus inactivated when heated at

A

55°C for 30 minutes

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32
Q

In Poliovirus , this can prevent inctivation

A

Mg2+
1 mol/L

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33
Q

purified poliovirus is inactivated by a

A

chlorine concentration of 0.1 ppm

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34
Q

In poliovirus, higher concentrations of ___________ are required to disinfect sewage containing virus in fecal suspensions and in the presence of other organic matter.

A

Chlorine

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35
Q

Most strains can be grown in primary or continuous cell line cultures derived from a variety of human tissues or from monkey kidney, testis, or muscle but not from tissues of lower animals.

A

Poliovirus

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36
Q

Poliovirus portal of entry

A

Mouth

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37
Q

Poliovirus primary multiplication takes place in the

A

oropharynx or intestine

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38
Q

Poliovirus may be found in ________ of patients with nonparalytic poliomyelitis

A

blood

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39
Q

WHat virus Antibodies to the virus appear early in the disease, usually before paralysis occurs

A

Poliovirus

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40
Q

Coxsackie virus morphology

A

Naked + ssRNA icosahedral symmetry

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41
Q

Coxsackie virus ( A and B) transmission

A

Oral-fecal route

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42
Q

Coxsackie virus ( A and B) Spectrum of disease

A

Coxsackie A virus
(Herpangina, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, HFMD and aseptic meningitis)

Coxsackie B virus
(Pleurodynia, severe generalized disease of infants, pericarditis and myocarditis and
aseptic meningitis)

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43
Q

is caused by all types of group B coxsackieviruses and by many group A coxsackieviruse

A

Aseptic meningitis

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44
Q

Aseptic meningitis most common

A

A7 and A9

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45
Q

A severe febrile pharyngitis that is caused by __________

A

Herpangina
Coxsackie A

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46
Q

Despite its name, it has nothing to do with herpesviruses

A

Herpangina

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47
Q

There is an abrupt onset of fever and sore throat with discrete vesicles on the posterior half of the palate, pharynx, tonsils, or tongue.

A

Herpangina

48
Q

The disease sometimes progresses to mild muscle weakness suggestive of paralytic poliomyelitis.

A

Aseptic meningtis

49
Q

The illness is self-limited and most frequent in small children.

A

Herpangina

50
Q

also known as epidemic myalgia

A

Pleurodynia

51
Q

Epidemic myalgia is caused by

A

Group B viruses

52
Q

The chest pain may last from 2 days to 2 weeks. Abdominal pain occurs in approximately half of cases, and in children, this may be the chief complaint.

A

Pleurodynia

53
Q

The illness is self-limited and recovery is complete, although relapses are common.

A

Pleurodynia

54
Q

ECHO morphology

A

Naked + ssRNA

55
Q

ECHO transmission

A

Oral-fecal route

56
Q

ECHO MEANS

A

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan

57
Q

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan ECHO
Spectrum of disease

A

Aseptic meningitis, URTI, febrile illness ( with or without rash) infantile diarrhea and hemorrhagic
conjunctivitis

58
Q

Rhinovirus morphology

A

Naked + ssRNA (>100 serotypes)

59
Q

Rhinovirus transmission

A

Aerosol droplets and hand-to-nose contact

60
Q

Rhinovirus pathogenesis

A

replicate better at 33°C than at 37°C → affect primarily the nose and conjunctiva rather
than the lower respiratory tract (acid-labile killed bygastric acid)

61
Q

replicate better at 33°C than at 37°

A

Rhinovirus

62
Q

Hepatitis A also known as

A

Enterovirus 72

63
Q

Hepatitis A virus morphology

A

Naked + ssRNA (single serotype)

64
Q

Hepatitis A transmission

A

Oral-fecal route

65
Q

Hepatitis A pathogenesis

A

replicated in the GI tract and then spreads to the liver during a brief viremic period

66
Q

Hepatitis A spectrum of disease

A

Hepatitis A infection
- self-limited, short incubation hepatitis and anicteric hepatitis

67
Q

Hepatitis A diagnosis

A

anti-HAV IgM

68
Q

Hepatitis A treatment and prevention

A

administration of immune globulin during IP and vaccination (killed virus)

69
Q

Togaviridae

A

Rubella virus

70
Q

Rubella virus morphology

A

enveloped, icosahedral, non-segmented (+ ssRNA) [1 serotype]

71
Q

Rubella virus transmission

A

respiratory droplets and transplacental

72
Q

Rubella virus pathogenesis

A

replicates in the GI tract and then spread to the liver during a brief viremic period

73
Q

Rubella virus prevention

A

MMR vaccine

74
Q

Rubella virus also known as

A

German measles
3-day measles

75
Q

Incubation period of rubella virus

A

14-21 days

76
Q

Rubella virus period of communicability

A

1 week before up to 1 week after the appearance of rash

77
Q

malaise, fever and anorexia for several days; may be accompanied by mild coryza and conjunctivitis (children may not have a prodrome)

A

Rubella virus/ German measles/3-day measles

78
Q

Cephalocaudal appearance of maculopapular rash

A

RUBELLA / GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

79
Q

Most characteristic clinical feature of RUBELLA / GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

A

Postauricular lymphadenopathy:

80
Q

Forchheimer’s spots

A

RUBELLA / GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

81
Q

(petechiae on soft palate; not pathognomonic)

A

Forchheimer’s

82
Q

In rubella virus it is caused by immune complexes (especially in adult women)

A

polyarthritis

83
Q

Natural infection leads to lifelong immunity.

A

RUBELLA / GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

84
Q

Risk is greatest early in fetal development when cell differentiation is at a peak (first trimester)

A

CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME

85
Q

Rubivirus infected human embryo cells demonstrate

A

chromosomal breakage and inhibition of mitosis.

86
Q

Body areas affected in congenital rubella include:

A

• Heart: patent ductus, interventricular septal defects, pulmonary artery stenosis, etc.

• Eye: cataracts, chorioretinitis, etc.

• CNS: mental retardation, sensorineural deafness, microcephaly

87
Q

“blueberry muffin”

A

CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME

88
Q

appearance due to dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

“blueberry muffin” (CRS)

89
Q

Flaviviridae

A

● Dengue Virus
● Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
● Zika Virus
● Yellow Fever
● West Nile Virus

90
Q

Dengue virus morphology

A

enveloped, icosahedral, non-segmented, (+ssRNA) [4 serotypes]

91
Q

Dengue virus transmission

A

bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquito ( A. albopictus)

92
Q

Dengue virus spectrum of disease

A

Dengue Fever (Breakbone. Fever) and Dengue
hemorrhagic fever

93
Q

Dengue virus diagnosis

A

NS1 antigen
RT-PCR
Dengue IgM and IgG
CBC ( platelet count)

94
Q

Dengue virus prevention

A

Insecticide, draining of stagnant water, mosquito
repellent and dengue vaccine

95
Q

Influenza-like syndrome characterized by biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, leukopenia and lymphadenopathy

A

DENGUE FEVER (BREAKBONE FEVER)

96
Q

severe, often fatal, febrile disease characterized by capillary permeability, abnormalities of hemostasis and a protein-losing shock syndrome

A

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

97
Q

due to the production of large amounts of cross-reacting antibody at the time of a second dengue infection (antibody-dependent enhancement)

A

Hemorrhagic shock syndrome

98
Q

Severe plasma leakage, leading to:
- Shock
- Fluid accumulation with respiratory distress
• Severe bleeding
• Severe organ impairment

A

Severe dengue

99
Q

Confirmed dengue:

A

• Viral culture isolation
• PCR

100
Q

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) morphology

A

enveloped, icosahedral, non-segmented, (+ssRNA) [ at least 6 serotypes]

101
Q

Mojor transmission oh hepatitis C

A

blood-borne, IV drug users

102
Q

Minor transmission oh hepatitis C

A

NSI, during birth and sexual

103
Q

Replication of HCV in the liver is enhanced by a liver-specific microRNA

104
Q

acts by increasing the synthesis of HCV mRNA.

105
Q

The death of the hepatocytes is probably
caused by

A

Immune attack by cytotoxic cells

106
Q

Diagnosis HCV

A

anti-HCV antibodies
recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA)
PCR ( HCV-RNA)

107
Q

Prevention HCV

A
  1. Acute hepatitis C: Peginterferon alfa
  2. Chronic hepatitis C: combination of Peginterferon alta-za and ribavirin

if genotype 1, add: protease
inhibitor (boceprevir,
simeprevir)

108
Q

Acute hepatitis C:

A

Peginterferon alfa

109
Q

Chronic hepatitis C: combination

A

Peginterferon alta-za and ribavirin

110
Q

greatly enhances the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected individuals.

A

Alcoholism

111
Q

REMINDER‼️‼️‼️

Rate of chronic carriage of HCV is much higher than that of HBV

112
Q

HCV Incubation period

113
Q

Acute infection: HCV

A

milder than infection with HBV

114
Q

REMINDER‼️‼️

A

Hepatitis C resembles hepatitis B as far as the ensuing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and the predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma are concerned

115
Q

HCV infection also leads to significant

A

autoimmune reactions and extrahepatic manifestations, including:
o Thyroiditis
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• ITP
• MPGN
• DMI
• leukocytoclastic vasculitis
• 🔝risk of B-cell NHL
• lichen planus |
• porphyria cutanea tarda

116
Q

main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

Virology PPT (4 decks)

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