RNA, Proteins, Mutation

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

RNA from DNA template (DNA-> mRNA)

Question 2

TATA box

Answer 2

Where initiation begins, transforming factors bind

Question 3

RNA polymerase

Answer 3

Brings RNA nucleotides, make RNA copy, go to ribosome (rRNA)

Question 4

DNA/RNA central dogma

Answer 4

Flow of genetic info- replication-> transcription-> translation-> codon for one AA

Question 5

Types of RNA

Answer 5

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 6

mRNA function

Answer 6

Messenger, copy of gene (segment), goes from nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 7

rRNA function

Answer 7

Ribosomal-> produce proteins

Question 8

tRNA function

Answer 8

Transfer AA to ribosome, decipher mRNA code

Question 9

Four groups that make up proteins

Answer 9

Amino, carboxyl, hydrogen, R-group

Question 10

Process to hook AA together

Answer 10

Dehydration reaction between two AA, strong peptide bond

Question 11

Function of proteins

Answer 11

Catalysts, give shape/structure, transmit signals

Question 12

Codon info

Answer 12

Made up of three bases= one AA

- change in 3rd base= no change cause so repetitive

Question 13

Translation

Answer 13

mRNA-> protein

1. Initiation factors prep
2. Elongation-> read codon, bring comp AA
3. AA added w/peptide bond
4. Termination

Question 14

tRNA structure

Answer 14

T-shaped, AA at top, anti-codon at bottom

Question 15

Function of anti-codon

Answer 15

Opposite of codon and determine if AA right (very specific)

Question 16

DNA vs RNA

Answer 16

Double strand v single
Replicate whole v transcribe segment
Thymine v uracil

Question 17

Point-frameshift

Answer 17

One base added/deleted, shift reading codon frame for mRNA (translation)

Question 18

Point-base substitution

Answer 18

Affects one AA, minimal effect
Silence= no effect
Nonsense= bad, letter changes to stop codon, incomplete protein

Question 19

Mutations inherited through…?

Answer 19

Sex cells

Question 20

Mutagen and examples

Answer 20

Cause mutations

Ie radiation, viruses, diet, poisons

Question 21

Chromosomal mutation

Answer 21

Very bad, whole segment altered

Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

Question 22

DNA Extraction lab

Answer 22

Electrolytes?, lysis, DNA won’t dissolve in ethyl alcohol

Question 23

Micropipette lab

Answer 23

Microliters= 1,000,000th L or 1,000th mL

Question 24

Solution and dilution

Answer 24

Molar mass, molarity, mass formula, dilution formula

Question 25

Sterile technique

Answer 25

E. coli?, streak to see individual colony

Question 26

Protein isolation

Answer 26

Extraction, sucrase, Benedict’s only reacts with monosaccharides

Question 27

ELISA lab

Answer 27

Nonspecific defense, B lymphocytes

Question 28

Indirect ELISA test

Answer 28

1. Antigen
2. Blood, antibodies attach to antigen
3. 2nd antibody, attach to antibody
4. Chromogen react signaling antibody presence

Question 29

Why ELISA indirect?

Answer 29

Tests for antibodies, not disease