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Biotechnology > DNA Basics > Flashcards

DNA Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Biotechnology

A

Take life biology and their processes and use it to better human life (ie GMO foods)

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2
Q

Chargraff

A

Chargraff’s rule of bases (A->T, C->G)

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3
Q

Wilkins and Franklin

A

First DNA structure discovery through X-ray crystallography

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4
Q

Watson and Crick

A

Credited for DNA structure, made first 3D model

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5
Q

Pauling

A

Made first ever model (completely incorrect)

  • bases on outside, 3 strands
  • phos. and sugars inside (repel negative charges)
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6
Q

Describe the DNA structure

A

Monomers (nucleotides), S+P held by, bases attached to sugar held by, anti-parallel

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7
Q

Wrapping of DNA process

A

DNA-> histones (proteins)-> nucleosome-> chromatin-> chromosomes

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8
Q

Griffith

A

Mice and pneumonia (rough/smooth)

- rough/heat killed smooth= dead= something transferred

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9
Q

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

A

Thought transfer was protein (complex)

- added DNAse to rough/heat killed smooth= mouse lived= prevented transfer

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10
Q

Meselson and Stahl

A

Replication
- grow E. coli in N-14 (light)-> N-15 (heavy)
One rep= DNA half/half-> eliminates cons (heavy/light)
2nd rep= middle and heavy (eliminates disp.-> would’ve have half/half)

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11
Q

Replication

A

Process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

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12
Q

Basic replication steps

A

DNA unzipped by helicase
Complementary bases brag and paired by DNA polymerase (III)
Two molecules produced (half and half)

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13
Q

DNA helicase

A

Unwinds strand

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14
Q

Okazaki fragments

A

Lagging strands

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15
Q

Telomeres

A

End of linear chrom.

  • highly repeated bases, hard to copy
  • Copied in germ, shortened in somatic
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16
Q

SS binding protein

A

Keep DNA strands separate

17
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

Brings in/pairs complementary bases

18
Q

Topoisomerase

A

At ends of DNA to relieve tension

19
Q

RNA primase

A

Lays down RNA primer (can’t add nucleotides w/out primer)

20
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

Replaces remaining RNA with DNA

21
Q

Ligase

A

Hooks fragments together so they’re one cont. strand

22
Q

Bond between bases

A

Weak H bond

23
Q

Bond between S+P

A

Phosphodiester -> covalent (strong)

Biotechnology (2 decks)

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