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Biochem 2 > RNA Metabolism > Flashcards

RNA Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

RNA has an extra OH where?

A

2’C

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2
Q

Is a primer needed for RNA synthesis?

A

No

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3
Q

Purines are which nucleotides?

A

A & G

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4
Q

Pyrimidines are which nucleotides?

A

T & C

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5
Q

Sigma cycle occurs in what type of organisms?

A

Prokaryotes

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6
Q

What is sigma replaced with in the transcription cycle?

A

NusA protein

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7
Q

When is the sigma subunit released?

A

as soon as elongation begins

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8
Q

What does RNA pol I synthesize?

A

Pre-rRNA

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9
Q

What does RNA pol II synthesize?

A

mRNA, specialized RNA

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10
Q

What does RNA pol III synthesize?

A

tRNA, 5sRNA, specialized RNA

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11
Q

Describe the assembly of the transcription complex in eukaryotes

A
  1. TBP binds to TATA
  2. TFIIA and TFIIB bind to stabilizes TBP and DNA
  3. TFIIF and pol II come to bind
  4. TFIIF targets pol II to promoters
  5. TFIIE and TFIIH bind = closed complex
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12
Q

Describe initiation of transcription in eukaryotes

A
  1. TFIIH has helicase activity-creates transcription bubble

2. CTD is phosphorylated-pol complex escapes promoter

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13
Q

Describe termination of transcription in eukaryotes

A
  1. Elongation factors dissociate
  2. CTD is dephosphorylated
  3. Termination facilitated by termination factors
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14
Q

What is the CTD?

A

Carboxy terminal domain, contains heptad AA repeats (52 in humans)

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15
Q

Describe the process of 5’ capping

A

Occurs after 20-30bp
condensation of GTP w triphosphate at 5’ carried out by enzymes on CTD
Cap remains bound to CTD using cap binding complex (CBC)

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16
Q

Which classes of introns are capable of self splicing?

A

1 and 2

17
Q

Which introns use splicing by splicosome?

A

3 & 4

18
Q

What are the 5 snRNPs?

A

U1 U2 U3 U5 U6

19
Q

How to snRNPs work?

A

form lariat, release intron

20
Q

Does building the poly A tail require ATP?

A

yes

21
Q

What is the cleavage signal for poly A tail?

A

AAUAAA

22
Q

How is the poly A tail formed?

A
  1. Cleavage seq on RNA bound by endonuclease bound by CTD
  2. RNA is cleaved at 10-30 bp past AAUAAA
  3. Polyadenylate polymerase synthesizes a poly A tail 80-250 bp long
23
Q

What is the function of the Poly A tail?

A

Binding site for proteins, helps protect mRNA from enzymatic destruction.

24
Q

5’-5’ triphosphate linkage occurs where?

A

In 5’ RNA capping, between 5’ terminal residue and 7 methyl guanosine

25
Q

Where is the CTD?

A

on RNA pol2

Biochem 2 (6 decks)

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