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Biology [ Chapter 2 ] > RNA and its Types > Flashcards

RNA and its Types Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

A

-RNA is polymer of nucleotide
-single strand
-these are transcribed from DNA template

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2
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

-messenger RNA (mRNA)
-ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
-transfer RNA (tRNA)

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3
Q

What is messenger RNA (mRNA) and what role does it play?

A

It is a single strand of variable length. It takes the genetic message from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm to form a particular protein.

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4
Q

On what does the length of messenger RNA depends?

A

It depends on the size of the gene as well as the protein for which it carries the message.

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5
Q

What percentage of RNA does the mRNA contain ?

A

mRNA is about 3% to 4% of total RNA in the cell.

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6
Q

What is codon of genetic codes?

A

It is a sequence of three nucleotides on messenger RNA that codes to form a single amino acid.

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7
Q

What does the ribosome consist of?

A

It consist of rRNA AND PROTEIN.

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8
Q

What is rRNA transcribed by?

A

The ribosomal RNA is transcribed by genes present on the DNA by several chromosome.

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9
Q

Why is it called ribosomal RNA?

A

It is called ribosomal RNA because it eventually becomes the part of ribosome.

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10
Q

What is the size of rRNA?

A

It is the largest of all the types of RNA.

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11
Q

What is the rRNA is packed with?

A

It is packed with a variety of proteins into ribosomal subunits.

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12
Q

What is the rRNA is packed with?

A

It is packed with a variety of proteins into ribosomal subunits.

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13
Q

What is the percentage of RNA does rRNA have?

A

80% of the total RNA contents of a cell are in rRNA.

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14
Q

What is the role of ribosomal RNA?

A

It provides a platform for synthesis.

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15
Q

What is the smallest of the RNA molecules?

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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16
Q

How many nucleotides does a tRNA molecule consist of?

A

75 to 90 nucleotides

17
Q

What type of structure does tRNA exhibit in some regions?

A

It is single strand but show duplex appearance due to complementary bases bonding

18
Q

What is the two-dimensional shape of
tRNA ?

A

A flat cloverleaf shape

19
Q

What base does the 5’ end of tRNA always terminate in?

A

Guanine base

20
Q

What is the base sequence at the 3’ end of tRNA?

A

CCA

21
Q

Where is the amino acid attached on the tRNA molecule?

A

At the 3’ end

22
Q

What is the characteristic of the nucleotide sequence of the rest of the
tRNA molecule?

A

The nucleotide sequence is variable

23
Q

How many loops does tRNA have?

A

Three loop

24
Q

What is the composition of the middle loop in all tRNA?

A

It is composed of 7 bases, with the middle three forming the anticodon

25
Q

What is the function of the anticodon in tRNA?

A

It is complementary to a specific codon of mRNA

26
Q

What does the D loop in tRNA recognize?

A

The activation enzyme

27
Q

What does the Theta (0) loop in tRNA recognize?

A

The specific place on the ribosome for binding during protein synthesis

28
Q

How many tRNA molecules are there for each of the 20 amino acids?

A

At least one tRNA molecule for each amino acid

29
Q

How many tRNA molecules are there for each of the 20 amino acids?

A

At least one tRNA molecule for each amino acid

30
Q

How many tRNA molecules have been identified?

A

Sixty tRNA molecules

31
Q

How many tRNA molecules have been identified?

A

Sixty tRNA molecules

32
Q

How many different kinds of tRNA molecules are found in human cells?

A

About 45 different kinds of tRNA
molecules

33
Q

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

A

It transports a specific amino acid from the cytoplasm to the surface of the ribosome

34
Q

What is anticodon?

A

Three nucleotides on tRNA that fits perfectly into the mRNA codon that codes for a amino acid on tRNA

35
Q

Why messenger RNA has the least percentage of RNA in it?

A

Because it will decompose after it completes function

36
Q

Why messenger RNA has the least percentage of RNA in it?

A

Because it will decompose after it completes function

Biology [ Chapter 2 ] (8 decks)

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