Central Dogma Of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What is central dogma of life?

A

The flow of biological information from DNA to RNA and from RNA to protein is known as central dogma of life

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2
Q

What is the first step of gene expression?

A

Transcription

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3
Q

When does a cell need to undergo transcription?

A

When a new protein is needed by the cell

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4
Q

What happens to the DNA during transcription?

A

The two strands of DNA unwind from each other

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5
Q

What is synthesized during transcription?

A

A single strand of messenger RNA (mRNA)

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6
Q

How are mRNA nucleotides paired during transcription?

A

By pairing complementary mRNA nucleotides with the exposed DNA (non-coding) strand

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7
Q

Which nucleotides are found in mRNA?

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

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8
Q

What happens to the DNA strands after mRNA is synthesized?

A

Both strands of DNA are “zipped” back together into their normal shape

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9
Q

What is uracil paired with in mRNA?

A

Adenine

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10
Q

How does uracil differ from thymine in
mRNA?

A

Uracil is paired with adenine instead of thymine

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11
Q

What is the process of transcription in gene expression?

A

-When a cell needs protein two DNA strands of gene that codes for protein unwind from each other
-The messenger RNA is synthesized by the pairing of complimentary messenger, RNA nucleotides and exposed DNA strand
-The DNA strands are zipped back together to its normal shape

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12
Q

What is the second step of gene expression?

A

Translation

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13
Q

Where does the mRNA synthesized in : the nucleus move to during translation?

A

It moves into the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What does mRNA bind to in the cytoplasm?

A

It binds to the ribosome

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15
Q

How are mRNA codes translated during translation?

A

They are translated by ribosomes with the help of tRNAs of opposite anticodon

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16
Q

What is synthesized during the translation process?

A

A protein with a specific amino acid sequence

17
Q

What specifies an amino acid in a polypeptide during translation?

A

Each set of 3 mRNA nucleotides called a codon

18
Q

What do cells have many different types of for transferring amino acids to ribosomes?

A

tRNA

19
Q

What links amino acids together during protein synthesis?

A

Peptide bonds

20
Q

What is formed when amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds?

A

A polypeptide chain or protein

21
Q

What is the process of translation in gene expression?

A

• mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
• MRNA binds to ribosomes
• Ribosomes translate mRNA codes with tRNAS
• Each codon (3 mRNA nucleotides)
specifies an amino acid
• tRNAs transfer amino acids to ribosomes
• Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form proteins