Central Dogma Of Life Flashcards
What is central dogma of life?
The flow of biological information from DNA to RNA and from RNA to protein is known as central dogma of life
What is the first step of gene expression?
Transcription
When does a cell need to undergo transcription?
When a new protein is needed by the cell
What happens to the DNA during transcription?
The two strands of DNA unwind from each other
What is synthesized during transcription?
A single strand of messenger RNA (mRNA)
How are mRNA nucleotides paired during transcription?
By pairing complementary mRNA nucleotides with the exposed DNA (non-coding) strand
Which nucleotides are found in mRNA?
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil
What happens to the DNA strands after mRNA is synthesized?
Both strands of DNA are “zipped” back together into their normal shape
What is uracil paired with in mRNA?
Adenine
How does uracil differ from thymine in
mRNA?
Uracil is paired with adenine instead of thymine
What is the process of transcription in gene expression?
-When a cell needs protein two DNA strands of gene that codes for protein unwind from each other
-The messenger RNA is synthesized by the pairing of complimentary messenger, RNA nucleotides and exposed DNA strand
-The DNA strands are zipped back together to its normal shape
What is the second step of gene expression?
Translation
Where does the mRNA synthesized in : the nucleus move to during translation?
It moves into the cytoplasm
What does mRNA bind to in the cytoplasm?
It binds to the ribosome
How are mRNA codes translated during translation?
They are translated by ribosomes with the help of tRNAs of opposite anticodon
What is synthesized during the translation process?
A protein with a specific amino acid sequence
What specifies an amino acid in a polypeptide during translation?
Each set of 3 mRNA nucleotides called a codon
What do cells have many different types of for transferring amino acids to ribosomes?
tRNA
What links amino acids together during protein synthesis?
Peptide bonds
What is formed when amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds?
A polypeptide chain or protein
What is the process of translation in gene expression?
• mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
• MRNA binds to ribosomes
• Ribosomes translate mRNA codes with tRNAS
• Each codon (3 mRNA nucleotides)
specifies an amino acid
• tRNAs transfer amino acids to ribosomes
• Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form proteins
