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unit 7 > RNA > Flashcards

RNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is each nucleotide made up of in RNA

A

5-Carbon-Sugar

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2
Q

What are the three main types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA

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3
Q

What is the RNA molecule that carries copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins?

A

Messenger RNA

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4
Q

What is Ribosomal RNA?

A

one of the proteins in Ribosomes.

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5
Q

Which type of RNA transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA?

A

transfer RNA

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6
Q

what is messenger RNA (what does it do?)

A

it carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.

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7
Q

what is transfer RNA? (what does it do?)

A

During the construction of a protein it transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA.

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8
Q

What is transcription?

A

when RNA molecules are produced by copying a part of the nucleotide sequence in RNA.

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9
Q

What does Transcription require?

A

Transcription requires an enzyme known as RNA polymerase that is similar to the DNA polymerase.

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10
Q

What happens during Transcription?

A

RNA Polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA Polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which Nucleotides are assembled into a strand of DNA.

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11
Q

What are codons?

A

the three lettered “word” in mRNA.

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12
Q

what do codons consist of?

A

Three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypeptide.

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13
Q

what is the start codon

A

The codon that starts the synthesis of proteins, typically AUG.

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14
Q

what are the stop codons

A

UAG, UAA, and UGA.

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15
Q

What is Translation?

A

The decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein.)

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16
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

On Ribosomes.

17
Q

What happens during translation?

A

During Translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

18
Q

When do mutations occur?

A

mutations occur when the cells make mistakes in copying their own DNA, inserting an incorrect base or even skipping a base as the new strand is put together.

19
Q

What are the three steps of Translation?

A

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination.

20
Q

What are mutations in simple terms?

A

Changes in the genetic material.

unit 7 (3 decks)

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