mutations Flashcards
What are mutations?
Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Where is it that mutations may occur?
Somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring)
gametes (eggs and sperm; are passed to the offspring.)
what are many mutations repaired by?
enzymes
what is deletion in chromosomal mutations?
a piece of a chromosome is lost
What is Inversion in chromosomal mutations?
when the chromosome segment is broken off, flipped backwards, and reattached.
What is Duplication in chromosomal mutations?
When a gene sequence is repeated
What is translocation?
When there are two chromosomes that aren’t homologus, and part of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome.
what is nondisjunction?
Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
What is meiosis?
a special form of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces gamete cells.
What are three mutagens for Gene mutations
Copying errors, chemicals, viruses, etc…
what are the types of gene mutations?
Point mutations
Frameshift
Insertions
Deletions
Substitutions
What do point mutations do?
Change a single nucleotide.
