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RN 1 > RN Exam 2 > Flashcards

RN Exam 2 Flashcards

Mod. 3, 4, 5

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1
Q

What GI assessment technique is helpful?

A 
PQRST
P- palliative or precipitating
Q- Quality or quantity
R- Region or radiation
S- Severity Scale
T- Timing
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2
Q

What are diagnostics for colorectal cancer?

A

FOBT, CEA, barium enema, CT, MRI, scope

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3
Q

What are the interventions/ tx for colorectal cancer? (including medications)

A

Pain management, treat hemorrage (if present), TNM staging, radiation, chemotherapy, surgery

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4
Q

What diagnostic tests are done to assess GI abnormalities?

A

Laboratory testing of blood, urine, and stool specimens

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5
Q

What are the S/Sx for Crohn’s Disease?

A

abd. pain, abd. distension, diarrhea, visible ulceration or fistula, wt loss, fatigue, change in stool, GI bleeding

usually 5-6 soft, loose NOT bloody stool

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6
Q

What are diagnostics for Crohn’s Disease?

A

WBC, ESR, CRP,

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7
Q

What are interventions/ tx for Crohn’sDisease? (including meds)

A

symptom managment, perineal skin care, relapse prevention, avoid foods/drinks that cause symptoms, ostomy creation
meds: sulfasalazine, predniosone, humira, imuran

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8
Q

What are complications for Crohn’sDisease?

A

fistulas, hemorrage/perforation, abscess formation, toxic megacolon, malabsorption, nonmechanical bowel obstruction, colorectal cancer, extraintestinal complications, osteoporosis

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9
Q

What are the S/Sx for Ulcerative Colitis?

A

abd. pain, abd. distension, diarrhea, visible ulceration or fistula, wt loss, fatigue, change in stool, GI bleeding

usually 10-20 liquid bloody stools

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10
Q

What are the diagnostics for Ulcerative Colitis?

A

WBC, ESR, CRP,

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11
Q

What are the interventions/ tx for Ulcerative Colitis? (including meds)

A

symptom managment, perineal skin care, relapse prevention, avoid foods/drinks that cause symptoms
meds: sulfasalazine, predniosone, humira, imuran

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12
Q

What are the complications for Ulcerative Colitis?

A

hemorrhage, abscess formation, toxic megacolon, malabsorption, nonmechanical bowel obstruction, colorectal cancer, extraintestinal complications, osteoporosis

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13
Q

What are non-lab diagnostic tests done for GI diagnosis?

A

X-rays, Barium enema, CT, MRI, Endoscopy, EGD, ERCP, , Colonoscopy, Ultrasound

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14
Q

What are non-lab diagnostic tests done for GI diagnosis?

A

X-rays, Barium enema, CT, MRI, Endoscopy, EGD, ERCP, , Colonoscopy, Ultrasound

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15
Q

What type of Xray would be done to determine a GU diagnosis?

A

KUB- kidney, ureter, bladder

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16
Q

What type of Xray would be done to determine a GU diagnosis?

A

KUB- kidney, ureter, bladder

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17
Q

What is IVP?

A

Intravenous pyelogram- contrast used during a KUB

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18
Q

What allergies would you need to be aware of before a patient gets IVP?

A

Iodine and shellfish

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19
Q

What allergies would you need to be aware of before a patient gets IVP?

A

Iodine and shellfish

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20
Q

What are the five types of urinary incontinence?

A

Stress, urge, mixed, overflow and functional

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21
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

Body movement (i.e. laughing, sneezing, coughing) that increases bladder pressure. NOT emotional stress.

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22
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

An urgent need to void and inability to stop urinating

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23
Q

What is mixed incontinence?

A

Symptoms of both urge and stress

24
Q

What is overflow incontinence?

A

Continuous leakage or dribbling of urine

25
Q

What is functional incontinence?

A

s/t decreased mobility or cognitive function

26
Q

What are diagnostic tests done to diagnose urinary incontinence?

A

UA (r/o infection), bladder scan

27
Q

What interventions are done for urinary incontinence?

A

Wear briefs/pads, avoid activity that elicits incontinence, kegal exercises, bladder training, bladder compression techniques, intermittent catheterization, surgery.

Meds: Ditropan (oxybutynin)

28
Q

What is a UTI?

A

An infection anywhere in the urinary tract.

29
Q

How can a UTI be prevented?

A

64 oz of water daily, frequent voiding (2-4 hrs), void after sex, avoid soaps/ perfumes/ tight-fitting pants, wear cotton underpants, women wipe front to back, take showers not baths

30
Q

What are some interventions to avoid CAUTI?

A

avoid unnecessary use, aseptic tecnique, foley cares, no dependent loops

31
Q

What are some interventions to avoid CAUTI?

A

avoid unnecessary use, aseptic tecnique, foley cares, no dependent loops

32
Q

What complication can occur if UTI is not treated?

A

An inflammatory condition of the bladder, cystitis.

33
Q

What is pyelonephtitis?

A

Bacterial infeciton in the kidney and renal pelvis (upper urinary tract)

34
Q

What are the s/ sx of pyelonephritis?

A

fever, chills, flank pain, abd. discomfort, malasie, fatigue, burning, urgency, nocturia, recent UTI

35
Q

What interventions are done for pyelonephritis?

A

pain maagement, antibiotcs, prevent CKD and preserve kidney fx (BP, hydration).

36
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

Injury and subsequent inflammation of the glomerulus

37
Q

What are the s/ sx of glomerulonephritis?

A

Exposure to viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites
Edema/Fluid overload
Changes to urine color, clarity, odor, etc.
Dysuria or oliguria
Mild to moderate HTN
Hematuria & Proteinuria
>Cr, BUN, &

38
Q

How is glomerulonephritis diagnosed?

A

Kidney biopsy

39
Q

What is PKD?

A

polycystic kidney disease- Genetic disorder in which fluid filled cysts develop in the nephrons

40
Q

What are the s/ sx of PKD?

A 
Abdominal or flank pain
HTN
Dysuria
Nocturia
Increased abdominal girth
Constipation
Bloody or cloudy urine
Sodium wasting
Anuria or Oliguria
41
Q

How is PKD diagnosed?

A

Ultrasound, MRI, or CT w/ angiography
5+ cysts = PKD diagnosis
Proteinuria & hematuria
>Cr, BUN, &

42
Q

What interventions are done for PKD?

A 
BP control 
goal 120/80
Pain management
NSAID’s, Tylenol, or opioids
Prevention of infection
Prevention of constipation
2-3L/day of water
Regular exercise
Slow progression of CKD
Renal diet
43
Q

What is EBP?

A

Evidence Based Practice- Integration of current evidence to make decisions about and plan patient care
Helps to guide high-quality care

44
Q

What is QI?

A

Quality Improvement- Process in which the interprofessional health care team uses data to “monitor care outcomes and develop solutions to change and improve care”

45
Q

What are the six ethical principles?

A 
Autonomy- 
Beneficence- 
Nonmaleficence- 
Fidelity- 
Veracity- 
Justice-
46
Q

What are TORTS?

A

Assalut, Battery, A&B, False Imprisonment, Invasion of Privacy, and Fraud

47
Q

What are three state laws?

A

Mandatory Reporting Laws, Good Samaritan Laws, Nurse Practice Act

48
Q

What are the five federal laws?

A

Bill of Rights, HIPAA, EMTALA, PSDA, ADA

49
Q

What is the difference between negligence vs malpractice?

A

Negligence: Unintentional failure to act as a reasonable person in similar circumstances would act
*Results in injury due to carelessness, not intention

Malpractice: Negligence by a professional to carry out or perform duties that result in injury
*Acting outside scope or practice

50
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Legal protection of a client’s right to choose and make decisions regarding his/her health care

51
Q

What is an advanced directive?

A

Enables autonomy when patient can’t communicate

52
Q

What are two exampled of advanced directive?

A

Living will and Health Care Proxy/Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPOAHC)

53
Q

What six things should patient know/understand before signing an informed consent?

A

Reason for surgery
Who will be performing the surgery
Available options with risks/benefits explained
Risks associated with surgical procedure and potential outcomes
Anesthesia risks
Risks, benefits, and alternatives to blood product use

54
Q

What emergent complication can occur d/t anesthesia?

A

Malignant hyperthermia

55
Q

What are the first signs of malignant hyperthermia?

A

> HR, RR &

56
Q

What are the first signs of malignant hyperthermia?

A

> HR, RR &

57
Q

What education does a patient need postoperative?

A 
Pain control
Safety
Infection
Drain management and dressing changes
Nutrition
Increase protein, Cals, Vit C
Activity restrictions
Medications (i.e. ABX)

RN 1 (2 decks)

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