RIZAL Flashcards
birth date of Jose Rizal.
June 19, 1861 –
Jose was Born in
Calamba, Laguna Province.
In this year, Jose was baptized in the Catholic church of his town at the age of 3.
June 22, 1862
He baptized Rizal.
Father Rufino Collantes
Rizal’s godfather.
Father Pedro Casañas
He is nephew of Casañas who will marry Lucia (Rizal’s sister).
Mariano Herbosa
– full name of Jose Rizal.
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
He is the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was born.
Lieutenant-General Jose Lemary
It was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph).
Jose
It was from Gervacio P. which came from a Christian calendar.
Protacio
It was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose
Rizal). The Spanish term “Mercado” means “market” in English
Mercado
in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.
Rizal
And meaning
Y
old surname of his mother.
Alonzo
It is used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother.
Realonda
- Born on May 11, 1818.
- Born in Biñan, Laguna.
- Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.
- June 28, 1848 – he married Teodora.
- The youngest of the 13 children of Cirila Alejandro and Juan Mercado.
Francisco Mercado Rizal
- Born on November 09, 1827.
- Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls.
- Died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85.
Teodora Alonzo Realonda
She is the oldest of the Rizal children; nicknamed Neneng.
Saturnina (1850-1913)
He older brother and confident of Jose Rizal; second father of Rizal; Pilosopo
Tasio in Noli Me Tangere.
Paciano (1851-1930)
pet name: Sisa.
Narcisa (1852-1939)
pet name: Ypia.
Olimpia (185501887) –
She is married Mariano Herbosa, who died of cholera in 1889 and was denied
Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal.
Lucia (1857-1919)
nickname: Biang
Maria (1859-1945)
He is the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius; nickname: Pepe.
JOSE (1861-1896)
pet name: Concha; she died of sickness at the age of 3; her death was
Rizal’s first sorrow in life.
Concepcion (1862-1865)
pet name: Panggoy; died an old maid at the age of 80.
Josefa (1865-1945)
pet name: Trining; also died an old maid at the age of 83.
Trinidad (1868-1951)
She is the youngest of the Rizal children; pet name: Choleng.
Soledad (1870-1929)
He is the great-great grandfather of Rizal; a Chinese immigrant from Changchow; he
was married to a Chinese Christian girl of Manila named Ines de la Rosa
Domingo Lamco
He is Domingo Lamco’s son; married Cirila Bernacha.
Francisco Mercado
In this year, Domingo Lamco adopt the name Mercado meaning Market
1731
He is Francisco’s son married to Cirila Alejandro.
Juan Mercado
descendant; last native king of Tondo
Lakan Dula
He is youngest son of Juan Mercado; Rizal’s father.
Francisco Mercado
He is great-great grandfather of Rizal; Japanese married to a Filipina named Benigna.
Eugenio Ursua
She is daughter of Eugenio, married Manuel de Quintos (Filipino-Chinese lawyer).
Regina
She is daughter of Regina who married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso (Spanish-Filipino mestizo).
Brigida
A 2-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hardwoods, and roofed with
red tiles.
Behind the house were poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens, and a big garden of tropical fruit
trees (atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy, etc.).
The Rizal Home
It is a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines was one of the distinguished families in
Calamba.
Principalia
It is a status symbol of the ilustrados in Spanish Philippines.
Carriage
It is the largest in Calamba; consisted of more than 1,000 volumes.
Private Library
Natal town of Rizal.
Named after a big native jar.
Happiest period of Rizal’s life was spent in this lakeshore town, a worthy prelude to his
Hamlet-like tragic manhood.
Hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican Order.
Picturesque town nestling on a verdant plain covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar lands.
A few kilometers to the south looms of the legendary Mt. Makiling and beyond this mountain is
the province of Batangas.
East of the town is the Laguna de Bay.
Calamba
A poem written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and a student of Ateneo de Manila.
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)
“When I was four years old,” he said, “I lost my little sister Concha, and then for the first time
I shed tears caused by love and grief…
Death of Little Concha (Concepcion)
At the age of, he began to take part in the family prayer. His mother taught him the Catholic
Prayers.
At the age of 3
At the age of, he was able to read the Spanish family bible.
At the age of 5
He was so seriously devout that he was laughingly called _________ by the Hermanos &
Hermanas Terceras.
Manong Jose
He is the town priest, one of the men he esteemed & respected in Calamba during his
boyhood.
Father Leoncio Lopez
The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was 3
years old. He was given the tenderest care by his parents because he was frail, sickly, and
undersized.
His father built a little nipa cottage in the garden for him to play in the daytime.
An aya (nurse maid), a kind old woman, was employed to look after him.
He watched from the cottage, the culiauan, maya, maria capra, & martin pitpit and other birds and
listened with “wonder and joy” to the twilight songs.
The daily Angelus prayer.
The happy moonlit nights at the azotea after the nightly Rosary.
The imaginary tales told by the aya aroused Rizal’s interest in legends and folklore.
The aya would threaten Rizal with asuang, nuno, tigbalang, or a terrible bearded and turbaned
Bombay would come to take him away if he would not eat his supper.
The nocturnal walk in the town esp. when there was a moon with his aya by the river
Earliest Childhood Memories
Young Rizal is a religious boy. He grew up a good Catholic.
At the age of 3, he began to take part in the family prayer. His mother taught him the Catholic
Prayers.
5 years old, he was able to read the Spanish family bible.
He was so seriously devout that he was laughingly called Manong Jose by the Hermanos &
Hermanas Terceras.
Father Leoncio Lopez, town priest, one of the men he esteemed & respected in Calamba during his
boyhood.
Devoted Son of the Church
In this year.
Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo.
June 06, 1868
First trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and his first pilgrimage to Antipolo. They rode in a Casco
(barge).
He was awed by “The magnificence of the water expanse and the silence of the night”.
After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his father went to Manila and visited
Saturnina, who was then a boarding student at La Concordia College in Santa Ana.
Pilgrimage to Antipolo
In this age, Jose started making sketches with his pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects which
attracted his fancy.
Age 5
A religious banner was always used during fiesta and it was spoiled; Rizal painted in oil colors a
new banner that delighted the townfolks.
Jose had the soul of a genuine artist.
Artistic Talents
In this age, his sisters laughed at him for spending so much time making those images rather than
participating in their games. He told them “All right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people
will make monuments and images of me!”
Age of 6
Age 8, Rizal wrote his first poem in the native language entitled ______ He wrote it in an appeal to our people to love our national language. First poem by Rizal
“Sa Aking Mga Kabata” (To My
Fellow Children).
in the age of, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog Comedy. It was staged in a
Calamba festival.
Age 8
He purchased the manuscript for 2 pesos.
A gobernadorcillo from Paete
He learned various tricks such as making a coin appear and disappear in his fingers and making a
handkerchief vanish in thin air.
Entertained his town folks with magic-lantern exhibitions. This consisted of an ordinary lamp
casting its shadow on white screen.
Also gained skill in manipulating marionettes (puppet shows).
In Chapter XVII and XVIII of his second novel, El Filibusterismo (Treason), he revealed his wide
knowledge of magic
Rizal as Boy Magician
Rizal used to meditate at the shore of Laguna de Bay, accompanied by his pet dog, on the sad
conditions of his oppressed people.
He wrote to his friend, Mariano Ponce: “In view of these injustices and cruelties, although yet a
child, my imagination was awakened and I made a vow dedicating myself someday to avenge the
many victims. With this idea in my mind, I studied, and this is seen in all my writings. Someday
God will give me the opportunity to fulfill my promise.”
Lakeshore Reveries
It inherent qualities which a person inherits from his ancestors and parents.
Hereditary Influence
It means of love for freedom, desire to travel, and indomitable courage.
Malayan Ancestors
It means of serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for children.
Chinese Ancestors
It means of elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and gallantry to ladies.
Spanish Ancestors
It means of sense of self-respect, love for work, and habit of independent thinking.
Father
It means of religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice, passion for arts and literature.
Mother
It means of environment, as well as heredity, affects the nature of a person;
includes places, associates, & events.
Environmental Influence
It stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of
Jose Rizal.
Calamba and the garden of the Rizal family
It fortified his religious nature.
Religious atmosphere at his home
He love of freedom and justice.
Paciano
They should to be courteous and kind to women.
Sisters
interest in folklores and legends
Fairy tales told by his aya
He have artistic ability, who studied 11 years in a British school in Calcutta
Tio Jose Alberto
He is Rizal’s voracious reading of good books.
Tio Gregorio
He develop his frail body by means of physical exercises including horse riding
Tio Manuel
He fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty.
Father Leoncio Lopez
- A person cannot attain greatness in the annals of the nation despite having everything life
(brains, wealth, and power) without this. - Rizal was providentially destined to be the pride and glory of his nation; endowed by God with
versatile gifts of a genius, vibrant spirit of a nationalist, and the valiant heart to sacrifice for a
noble cause.
Aid of Divine Providence
his mother, was his first teacher
Doña Teodora
He is his first tutor during Early Education
Maestro Celestino
He is his second tutor during Early Education
Maestro Lucas Padua
He is a former classmate of Rizal’s father, became the hero’s tutor in Spanish and Latin.
Leon Monroy
After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s parents decided to send him to a private school in__________
Binan
Jose left Calamba for Biñan with Paciano.
June 1869.
their mode of transportation.
Carromata
where Jose lodge.
Aunt’s House
He is the owner and teacher of the school. Rizal described him as “tall, thin, long-necked, and sharp-nosed with a body slightly
bent forward.”
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
He challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match. Jose, having the weaker arm, lost
and nearly cracked his head on sidewalk.
Andres Salandaan
Jose challenged_________to a fight and he won having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic
Tio Manuel.
Pedro
He is the father-in-law of the school teacher, freely gave Jose painting lessons.
Old Juancho
Jose Rizal and his classmate_________ became apprentices of the old painter.
Jose Guevarra
- Hears mass at 4:00 AM or studies lesson at that hour before going to mass.
- Goes to the orchard to look for a mabolo to eat.
- Breakfast: rice and 2 dried small fish.
- Goes to class until 10:00 AM and goes home for lunch.
- Goes back to school at 2:00 PM and comes out at 5:00 pm.
- Prays with cousins and returns home.
- Studies lesson and draws a little.
- Supper: one or 2 rice with an ayungin.
- Prays again and if there’s a moon, plays with cousins.
Daily life in Binan
In this year, Jose left Biñan using the steamer Talim for Calamba.
December 17, 1870
He is a Frenchman and friend of his father who took care of him during his trip.
Arturo Camps
In this year, Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
Cavite Mutiny.
January 20, 1872
In this year, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were implicated
and executed.
February 17, 1872
It were leaders of the secularization movement.
GOMBURZA
He quit his studies at the College of San Jose and returned to Calamba, where he told the
heroic story of Burgos to Rizal.
Paciano
in year. Rizal dedicated his second novel El Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA.
1891
In ______, Doña Teodora was arrested on a malicious charge that she aided his brother Jose Alberto
in trying to poison his wife.
1872
He planned to divorce his wife because of her infidelity. His wife connived with the
Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and filed a case against Rizal’s mother.
Jose Alberto
He is the gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the lieutenant arrest Doña
Teodora.
Antonio Vivencio del Rosario
Doña Teodora was made to walk from Calamba to the provincial prison in Santa
Cruz.
50 kilometers
Jose was sent to Manila four months after the Martyrdom of GomBurZa and with Doña Teodora still in
prison. He studied in the Ateneo Municipal, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits.
Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)
They are the most famous lawyers of Manila, defended
Doña Teodora in court
Don Francisco de Mercaida and Don Manuel Marzan
This school is for poor boys in Manila established in 1817
Formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity School)
Owned College of San Juan de Letran.
Bitter rival of the Dominican
In this year, Jose, accompanied by Paciano, went to Manila to take the entrance examinations
on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at College of San Juan de Letran, and passed them.
His father was the first one who wished him to study at Letran but he changed his mind and
decided to send Jose at Ateneo instead.
June 10, 1872
In _______, name was changed to Ateneo Municipal by the Jesuits and later became the Ateneo de
Manila.
1859
Jesuit trained the character of the student by rigid discipline, humanities, and religious instruction.
The students heard Mass in the morning before the beginning of daily class.
Classes were opened and closed with prayers.
Students were divided into two groups: Roman Empire – consisting of the internos (boarders) with
red banners; and Carthaginian Empire – composed of the externos (non-boarders) with blue
banners.
Each of these empires had its rank. Students fought for positions. Any student could challenge any
officer in his “empire” to answer questions on the day’s lesson. With 3 mistakes, opponents could
lose his position.
1
st best: EMPEROR
2
nd best: TRIBUNE
3
rd best: DECURION
4
th best: CENTURION
5
th best: STANDARD-BEARER
Ateneo students’ uniform is consisted of “hemp-fabric trousers” and “striped cotton coat”. The coat
was called rayadillo and was adopted as the uniform for Filipino troops during the days of the First
Philippine Republic.
In this year first day of class in Ateneo.
June 1872
He is the nephew of Father Burgos; upon his intercession, Jose Rizal was admitted at
Ateneo.
Manuel Xerez Burgos
He is the college registrar of Ateneo Municipal, refused to admit Jose because: (1)
he was late for registration and (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age (11 years old).
Father Magin Fernando
Jose used Rizal instead of Mercado because the name “Mercado” had come under suspicion of the
Spanish authorities.
He is the first professor of Rizal in his 1st year in Ateneo
Fr. Jose Bech
Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class since he was a newcomer and knows little Spanish. He
was an externo and was assigned to Carthaginians. At the end of the month, he became emperor
of his Empire. He was the brightest pupil in the whole class.
Took private lessons in Santa Isabel College and paid 3 pesos for extra Spanish lessons.
Placed 2nd at the end of the year, although all his grades were still marked Excellent.
In this year, Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation.
March 1873
His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan to cheer him up.
Visited his mother in prison at Santa Cruz without telling his father.
After vacation, he returned to Manila for his 2nd year term in Ateneo.
Boarded inside Intramuros at No. 8 Magallanes Street.
Doña Teodora told her son of her dream the previous night. Rizal, interpreting the dream, told her
that she would be released from prison in 3 months time. It became true.
Doña Teodora likened his son to the youthful Joseph in the Bible in his ability to interpret dreams
Prophecy of Mother’s Release
She is the landlady and old widow with a widowed daughter and four sons
Doña Pepay
Rizal lost the leadership but he repented and even studied harder, once more he became emperor.
He received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
He had 3 classmates from Biñan who had also been his classmates in the school of Maestro
Justiniano.
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-74)
It is the Jose Rizal’s first favorite novel
The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas
Also read non-fiction, Cesar Cantu’s historical work Universal History.
He also read Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, German who visited the Philippines in
1859-1860. In this book, he foretold that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that
America would come to succeed here as colonizer.
Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother was released from prison.
Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his studies.
He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his spoken was not fluently sonorous.
Third Year in Ateneo (1874-75)
he became an inferno in Ateneo
June 16, 1875
He inspired him to study harder and write poetry. Rizal described
him as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils”.
Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
He returned to Calamba with 5 medals and excellent ratings.
Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-76)
The most brilliant Atenean of his time, “the pride of the Jesuits”.
Obtained highest grades in all subjects.
Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77)
last year of Rizal in Ateneo
June 1876
Excellent scholastic records from 1872-1877.
Graduation with Highest Honors
Commencement Day. 16 year old Rizal received from his Alma Mater the degree
of Bachelor of Arts with highest honors.
March 23, 1877
An emperor inside the classroom and campus leader outside.
Secretary of the Marian Congregation.
Member of Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Studied painting under the famous Spanish painter Agustin Saez.
Studied sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus, noted Filipino sculptor.
Engaged in gymnastics and fencing.
Fr. Jose Villaclara advised him to stop communing with the muses and pay more attention to
practical studies such as philosophy and natural science.
Extra-Curricular Activities
He requested him to carve an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Ateneo students
placed the image on the door of the dormitory and remained there for many years.
Father Lleonart
Carved an image of _________on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood).
The Virgin Mary
He is one of Rizal’s contemporaries in Ateneo.
Felix M. Ramos
whose house Rizal boarded shortly before he became an inferno.
Manuel Xeres Burgos
– first poem he wrote for his mother’s birthday.
Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) –
In _______, nspired by Father Sanchez, he wrote more poems such as: Filicitacion (Felicitation), El
Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes (The Departure Hymn to Magellan’s fleet), Y Es
Espanol: Elcano, the first to circumnavigate the world), and El Combate: Urbiztondo Terror de Jolo
(The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo).
1875
In _______, Rizal wrote poems on various topics: Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblu (In Memory of My Town),
Alianza Intima Entre la Region Y La Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and
Good Education), Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria (Through Education the Country Receive
Light), E Cultivero Y El Triunfo (The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the
Imprisonment of Boabdil), and La Entrada Triuntal de Los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The
Triumphal Entry of The Catholic Monarches into Granada).
1876
In _______, he wrote more poems: El Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of Colombus),
Colon y Juan II (Colombus and John II ), Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in
Great Misfortune), and Un Diarogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of
the Students.
1877
a brief ode; written in 1875 when he was 14 years old
Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus)
Rizal’s Religious Poems
Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus)
A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary).
he wrote the religious drama in poetic verses.
Summer 1876 in Calamba
his favorite teacher, ask him to write a drama based on the prose story of St.
Eustace the Martyr
Father Sanchez
He finished the manuscript in _____
June 02, 1876
He submitted the finished manuscript entitled “__________” (St. Eustace, the Martyr) to
Father Sanchez in his last academic year in Ateneo.
San Eustacio, Martir
Rizal experienced his first romance.
16 years old
She is a pretty 14 years old Batangueña from Lipa; sister of his friend Mariano
Katigbak
Segunda Katigbak
His sister Olimpia was a close friend of Segunda in La Concordia College.
Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz. His first romance was ruined by his own shyness
and reserve.
Segunda returned to Lipa and later married Manuel Luz. Rizal remained in Calamba, a frustrated
lover, cherishing nostalgic memories of lost love.
First Romance of Rizal
Rizal matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas
April 1877
He enrolled in UST taking up Philosophy and Letter for two reasons: (1) his father liked it and (2)
he was “still uncertain as to what career to pursue”
He asked the advice of Father Pablo Ramon (Rector of the Ateneo) on what career to choose but
Father Recto was in Mindanao so he was unable to advice Rizal.
Doña Teodora opposed the idea of sending Rizal to UST to pursue higher education
because she knew what happened to Gom-Bur-Za and the Spaniards might cut
off his head if he gets to know more. Rizal was surprised by his mother’s
opposition, who was a woman of education and culture. Despite his mother’s
tears, Don Francisco told Paciano to accompany Rizal to Manila.
Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of
Philosophy
First-year Term (1877-78)
He said study medicine; reason: to be able to cure his mother’s growing
blindness.
Ateneo Rector’s advice
While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational
course leading to the title of “perito agrimensor” (expert surveyor).
Colleges for boys in Manila offered vocational courses in agriculture, commerce,
mechanics, and surveying.
He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course obtaining gold medals in agriculture
and topography.
At the age of 17, he passed the final examination in the surveying course.
November 25, 1881 – he was granted the title as surveyor.
Because of his loyalty to Ateneo, he continued to participate actively in the Ateneo’s
extra-curricular activities.
He was president of the Academy of Spanish Literature and secretary of the Academy of
Natural Sciences.
- Fair with seductive and attractive eyes.
- Romance died a natural death.
- 2 Reasons for his change of heart: (1) the sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his
heart and (2) his father did not like the family of “Miss L”.
Miss L.
- Daughter of the next-door neighbors of Doña Concha Leyva (her house is where Rizal
boarded). - Tall girl with a regal bearing.
- Pet name: Orang.
- Rizal sent her love notes written in invisible ink. This ink consisted of common table
salt and water. He taught Orang the secret of reading any note written in the invisible
ink by heating it over a candle or lamp so that the words may appear.
Leonor Valenzuela
Rizal’s cousin from Camiling.
- Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867.
- A student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s youngest sister, Soledad was then studying.
- Frail, pretty girl “tender as a budding flower with kindly, wistful eyes”.
- They became engaged.
- In her letters to Rizal, Leonor signed her name as “Taimis”, in order to camouflage
their intimate relationship from their parents and friends.
- Rizal lived in: Casa Tomasina No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros Antonio Rivero – Rizal’s
landlord-uncle is the father of Leonor Rivera.
Leonor Rivera
One dark night in Calamba, during the summer vacation in 1878, when Rizal was walking in the
street and dimly perceived the figure of a man while passing him. Not knowing the person was a
lieutenant of the Guardia Civil; he did not salute nor say greetings. With a snarl, he turned upon
Rizal, whipped out his sword and brutally slashed his back.
Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor General of the
Philippines at that time, but nothing came out because he was an Indio and the accused was a
Spaniard. Later in a letter to Blumentritt dated March 21, 1887, he related, “I went to the CaptainGeneral but I could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two weeks.”
Victim of Spanish Officer’s Brutality
It is the society of literary men and artists;
held a literary contest.
Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila
Rizal submitted his poem entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth).
At the age of 18
It is composed of Spaniards; gave the first prize to Rizal which consisted of a
silver pen, feather-shaped and decorated with a gold ribbon.
The Board of Judges
Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind
and descend with art and science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of people.
“To the Filipino Youth” (1879)
Reasons why Rizal’s poem was a classic in Philippine Literature:
(1) it was the first great poem in
Spanish written by a Filipino, whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary authorities
(2) it expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos were the “fair hope of the
Fatherland”.
Opened another literary contest for both Filipino and Spaniards to
commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of Cervantes, Spain’s glorified man-of-letters and
famous author of Don Quixote.
Artistic-Literary Lyceum
Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled _____________
and he received the first prize, a gold ring on which was engraved the bust of Cervantes
El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
a sonnet he wrote for the album of the Society of Sculptors
A Filipinas (1880)
– a zarzuela which was staged by the Ateneans on
December 08, 1880, on the annual celebration of the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception
(Patrones of the Ateneo).
Junto al Pasic (Beside the Pasig) (1880)
a poem declaimed by Manuel Fernandez on the night of December 08, 1879
in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.
Abd-el-Azis (1879)
a poem he wrote as an expression of affection to Father Pablo
Ramon.
Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon (1881)
Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen
Maria de los Dolores.
Summer of May 1881
He was accompanied by his sisters
Saturnina , Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends.
They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, whose son Nicolas was Rizal’s friend in Manila.
Rizal and his companions were fascinated by the famous turumba (people dancing in the streets
during the procession in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores)
Rizal’s Visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan
Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala, who skillfully played the harp at
the Regalado home
Vicenta Ybardolaza,
Reasons why Rizal and his company made side trip to the neighboring town of Pagsanjan:
(1) it
was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
(2) to see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.
Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their fights against the arrogant Spanish
students, who insultingly called their brown classmates “Indio, chongo!” In retaliation, the Filipino
students called them “Kastila, bangus!”.
Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in the University of Santo Tomas called
“Compaňerismo” (Comradeship), whose members were called “Companions of Jehu,” after the
valiant Hebrew general who fought the Armaeans.
1880
He was unhappy at this Dominican institution of higher learning because
(1) the Dominican
professors were hostile to him
(2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the
Spaniards,
(3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no
longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.
He did not seek his parent’s permission and blessings to go abroad; and even his beloved Leonor.
Rizal was born during the time that the world is being divider into empires. There were 2 characteristics of the world in 1861 to 1896
Rise of Liberalism
Decline of the Spanish Empire
In 1861, there were a lot of special world events related to the Rise of Liberalism that happened.
Appeasement of 23M farmers in Russia
Freedom of US slaves
First native Mexican President
Reason of DECLINE OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE
Corruption of the colonial government
Union of the church and state
Unjust treatment of the people in the colonies
got their independence in the early 1800s by winning the war against Spain.
Mexico,
Argentina
Peru
When Rizal was born, Spain had already lost all its colonies except the
Philippines,
Cuba,
Puerto Rico.
Rizal means
rice field ready for harvest.
ordered the painting of Rizal’s house with green paint, when he was the head of the NHI.
Ambeth Ocampo
rented from the Dominican friars a large tract of land in Calamba, Laguna
Francisco Mercado
Some of Jose Rizal’s family members also had an active participation in the revolution.
Paciano Rizal was a General of the revolutionaries of Calamba. He was able to make the Spaniards surrender in Calamba after a siege in the church.
Delfina Herbosa, daughter of Lucia Rizal, was one of the 3 women who sew the first Philippine National flag.
Josephine Bracken, “wife” of Rizal, joined the KKK after Rizal’s execution and fought battles in Cavite under Bonifacio. She was able to kill a Spanish officer.
It was only recently that Ambeth Ocampo wrote about them, and Philippine media featured them.
Family controversies
- Incest in the Family
- Attempted murder
- Live-in relationships
Why study The life Of rizal?
- To have something to share to foreigners.
- Rizal is the Father of the Filipino Nation.
- He was an inspiration for the revolutionaries
- Mandated by Law - Republic Act 1425
- Nationalism to live on
- the natives of the islands
- means stupid, inferior, barbaric
- the Spaniards never told the indios that they belong to one country, one nation
Indio
- Spaniards born in Spain
- came from the root word “Peninsula”
- Spain is a peninsula
Peninsulares
- Spaniards born in the Philippines
- Children of Spanish government officials and Spanish soldiers born in the Philippines
- came from the root word “Insula” which means detached.
- sounds like “Isla” which means land detached from the mainland
- Insulares means “born in the islas”
- The Spaniards consider the Insulares as the Filipinos
Insulares
Insulares means
“born in the islas”
In his writing _________ he called the natives as “Filipinos”. That’s when the natives understood things and started to refer themselves as Filipinos. The different regions also embraced that they belong to one nation despite of having different dialects and traditions.
“Indolence of the Filipinos”,
objective is to unite the people of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao into one and help them realize that they belong to one race, one nation. That is how Rizal was called “The Father of the Filipino Nation” and “The First Filipino”.
La Liga Filipina
His nickname was _______. His sisters would make fun of him because he was short for his age, and had a big head which was not proportion to his body.
Pepe
Rizal has a male black dog named ______. He would walk his dog every morning up to the lake shore of Calamba.
Usman
