RIVERS - erosion + transport + meanders

Question 1

erosion

Answer 1

wearing away of the river bed and banks dive to movement of water

Question 2

hydraulic action

Answer 2

the water clashing with the banks eroding them
a part of it is cavitation = moving water forces air into cracks in the river bed and banks causing them to burst

Question 3

abrasion

Answer 3

the river’s load scrapes against the bed and banks, wearing them down

Question 4

attrition

Answer 4

rocks and pebbles carrie day the river collide with each other, breaking into smaller, smoother, and rounder pieces

Question 5

solution

Answer 5

the chemical action of water dissolves soluble minerals from the riverbanks and bed
especially w limestone and chalk

Question 6

transport

Answer 6

movement of load in a river

Question 7

traction

Answer 7

large boulders and rocks roll along the riverbed

Question 8

saltation

Answer 8

small pebbles and stones bounce along the river bed - hop hop

Question 9

suspension

Answer 9

fine particles like silt and clay are carried within the water
makes it look muddy

Question 10

solution

Answer 10

dissolved minerals are transported in the water and remain invisible

Question 11

deposition

Answer 11

process of river losing energy and dropping the load it was carrying

Question 12

meander

Answer 12

a winding curve in a river, formed by erosion on the outer bank and deposition on in the inner bank

Question 13

oxbow lake

Answer 13

a U-shaped lake created by the meander getting cut off from the main river channel
slowly drying up

Question 14

thalweg

Answer 14

the fastest-flowing part of the river
in a corkscrew motion throughout the river channel

Question 15

outer bend

Answer 15

river cliff
erosion happens here

Question 16

inner bend

Answer 16

point bar, slip-off slope (sediment beach)
deposition occurs
water moves slower

Question 17

helicoidal flow

Answer 17

corkscrew-like movement
moves eroded material from the outer bend to the inner bend where it deposits it in the inner bend

Question 18

meander migration

Answer 18

slow movement of a meander downstream

Question 19

braiding

Answer 19

occurs as a river carrying a large load of sediment loses its usual discharge (usually when glaciers/icecaps stop melting) and loses competence therefore has to drop the load and the remaining stream of water has to find its way around it

Question 20

eyots

Answer 20

islands created by braiding

Question 21

deltas

Answer 21

at the mouth of a river
loses competence, drops the load
distributaries are created