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Geol 1330 Test 3 > Rivers and Flooding > Flashcards

Rivers and Flooding Flashcards

1
Q

Discharge is measured by multiplying the _____ by the ______.

A

average water velocity: area of the water in the channel

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2
Q

How can the potential for flooding be reduced without reducing discharge?

A

increase velocity by

  • increase slope (S)
  • increase channel efficiency (R)
  • decrease sinuosity
  • reduce roughness coefficient (n)
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3
Q

One way to increase the slope of a stream channel is to

A

decrease sinuosity

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4
Q

Lateral migration of a meandering stream results in _______.

A

decrease in slope

increase in sinuosity

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5
Q

The geological process of ______ happens at point bars.

A

Deposition

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6
Q

_____ are evidence for lateral migration.

A

meander scrolls

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7
Q

process that occurs at cutbank side of a stream

A

erosion

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8
Q

How does urbanization affect flooding?

A

decreases lag time while increasing peak discharge

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9
Q

The probability of a 50 year flood occuring next years is?

A

2%

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10
Q

What is the probability of a 100 year flood occuring the next year?

A

1%

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11
Q

rainfall is gentle favors _______.

A

infiltration

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12
Q

soil is porous and sandy favors ______.

A

Infiltration

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13
Q

ground is nearly saturated favors ______.

A

runoff

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14
Q

surface lacks vegetation and is barren favors ______.

A

runoff

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15
Q

What is the plot of discharge or stage and time called?

A

hydrograph

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16
Q

The boundary that separates one drainage basin from another is known as:

A

drainage divide

17
Q

In hydrograph the maximum discharge corresponds to ______.

A

flood peak

18
Q

The formation of a meander cutoff results in a(n) _____ in sinuosity

A

decrease

19
Q

The layers of fluids in an oil trap is controlled by ______.

A

density

20
Q

cap rocks have ____ permeability and _____ porosity

A

low, low

21
Q

Greenhouse effect is caused by the ______.

A

absorption and rerdiation of outgoing, long wavelength, radiation by greenhouse gases (CO2)

22
Q

A ____ channel has a smaller hydraulic radius than a _____ channel.

A

wide and shallow : semicircular

23
Q

In Manning’s equation, n measures ______.

A

the resistance to flow at the bottom of a channel

24
Q

In Manning’s equation R is _____.

A

a measure of the efficiency of a channel cross section

25
Q

Slope is calculated by dividing _____ by ______.

A

vertical drop of channel’s end points : length of channel

26
Q

Lateral migration of a meandering stream results in a(n) ____ in sinuosity.

A

increase

27
Q

feature that results from meander cutoff

A

oxbow lake

28
Q

feature that results from lateral migration of the stream

A

meander scrolls

29
Q

How do you calculate hydraulic radius (R)?

A

R=A/P

A = area of water in channel

P= wetted perimeter of channel

30
Q

Three ways to increase velocity of water in a channel.

A
  1. decrease resistance to flow (n)
  2. increase channel efficiency (R)
  3. increase slope (S)
31
Q

wide, shallow channel has ____ R.

A

low

32
Q

A semicircular channel has _____ R.

A

high

33
Q

Sinuosity is _____ divided by ______.

A

channel distance / linear distance

34
Q

urbanization ______ lag time.

A

decreases

35
Q

urbanization _____ discharge.

A

increases

36
Q

what equation gives you averge water velocity in a channel?

A

Manning’s equation

37
Q

Slope is ______ divided by ______.

A

vertical drop of the channel’s end points, length of channel

38
Q

exceedance probability is

A

the probability (p) of an event of a particular magnitude being equaled or exceeded any given year.

39
Q

What is reccurence interval

A

average number of years between events of similar or greater magnitude

Geol 1330 Test 3 (4 decks)

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