Energy Resources Flashcards
First stage of hydrocarbon formation
deposition/accumulation
accumulation of sediment rich in plants and animal remains
2nd stage of hydrocarbon formation
Burial
organic rich sediment is buried
sediment experiences elvated temperature and pressure due to burial
3rd stage of hydrocarbon formation
hydrocarbon generation
Continued burial of organic-rich sediment
temperatures and pressures reach a critical point where organic matter is transformed to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
Petroleum at T=100-120 C, Gas at T=>120 C
4th stage of hydrocarbon formation
hydrocarbon migration
newly created petroleum and natural gas is mobile and flows (migrates) into adjacent permeable rock
Because oil and gas are less dense than water they will flow to the surface, unless something stops it
Oil traps consist of _____ and _______.
cap rock, reservoir rock
reservoir rock ____ porosity and _____ permeability
high, high
cap rock has _____ porosity and _____ pemeability
low, low
what determines layered distribution of water at the bottom, and oil on top in oil trap.
density
Environmental effects of burning fossil fuels
- urban air pollution - arborne toxic particles
- acid rain - precipitation of carbonic acid
- global warming - greenhouse effect
nuclear energy is when
release energy by the process of nuclear fission
what is a fossil fuel
general term for any hydrocarbon that may be used as fuel
Petroleum forms at T = ____ C
100-120
Natural gas froms at T = ____ C
>120
where does fuel from nuclear energy come from?
nuclear fission
(NOT FUSION!!)
steps for global warming
- incoming short-wavelength heats Earth’s surface
- Earth’s surface emits long-wavelength radiation skyward
- Greenhouse gases absorb outgoing, long wavelength radiation and reradiate some of this energy earthward, trapping heat in the lower atmosphere.
