Rivers

Question 1

Process of erosion

Answer 1

Erosion occurs during the whole journey of the river. It is where abrasion (rocks carried by the river rub and scrape the bank away), solution (soluble rock are dissolved into the river), attrition (rocks hit against each other breaking into smaller pieces and becoming more round) and hydraulic action (the river forces air against the banks and the pressure weakens the rocks) break off bit of the area surrounding the river deepening and widening it

Question 2

Abrasion

Answer 2

abrasion (rocks carried by the river rub and scrape the bank away)

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

solution (soluble rock are dissolved into the river)

Question 4

Attrition

Answer 4

attrition (rocks hit against each other breaking into smaller pieces and becoming more round)

Question 5

Hydraulic action

Answer 5

hydraulic action (the river forces air against the banks and the pressure weakens the rocks)

Question 6

Solution

Answer 6

dissolved minerals are carried along the river

Question 7

Suspension

Answer 7

Suspension: small materials are carried along

Question 8

Traction

Answer 8

Traction: large boulders and rocks roll along the river bed

Question 9

Saltation

Answer 9

Saltation: small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed

Question 10

The 4 different ways a river transports rock from a to b

Answer 10

The 4 different ways a river transports rock from a to b through:
Solution: dissolved minerals are carried along the river
Suspension: small materials are carried along
Traction: large boulders and rocks roll along the river bed
Saltation: small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed

Question 11

Discribe the process of deposition

Answer 11

When the river runs out of energy during a part of the flow heavy rocks are dropped at the bottom of the river. This can happen when a river meets its mouth or during a shallow area

Question 12

List 4 different river land forms

Answer 12

Water falls, meanders, Ox bow lakes, flood plains

Question 13

How does a meander form?

Answer 13

Because one (outer) side of a river erodes quicker and flows more on the outer bend than the inner bend as the outer part of the river is deeper than the inner part. rivers flow in a helical flow because the outside bend is quicker than the inside bend as the inside bend is slow and deposits on one side forming a slope and on the outer bend forms a river cliff.

Question 14

How does a water fall form? And how do plunge pools and over hangs form?

Answer 14

A water fall forms when a river meets 2 different types of rock. The tops layer from which the water falls is more resistant than the bottom layer. This landform occurs in the upper course. Water falls erode backwards as the less resistant rock is under mined by water so the top rock becomes a over hang. The over hang the collapse under its own weight and the process starts again (over years steep side occurs where it has erode back, this is called a gorge). The more resistant rock falls into a plunge pool which is formed by abrasion and hydraulic action. Attrition occurs here.

Question 15

How does an oxbow lake form?

Answer 15

Through hydraulic action the fast flowing parts of a meander cut though the spur between then as they erode close together it is called a neck. During a flood the neck is cut and the meander is replaced by a straight line. Because their is no erosion deposition means the meander is blocked by land and becomes a ox bow lake which will dry and be a meander scar

Question 16

How is a flood plain formed?

Answer 16

one side of a meander has a high erosional power and the other has low erosional power and high deposition power the meanders move left and right eroding and lowering ground around it the area of low ground will be know as the flood plain. When the river flood this land will have water on it and over time the small sediment deposited by the river when it floods build up and levees become higher forming a natural flood defence

Question 17

What is long profile?

Answer 17

Shows change is the river in the height or a rivers course from its source to mouth

Question 18

State what would happen to (according to bradshaws model)
Discharge
Occupied channel width 
Channel depth 
Average velocity 
and load quantity 
As they go down stream...

Answer 18

They will increase

Question 19

State what would happen to (according to bradshaws model) 
Sediment size 
Channel bed roughness 
And gradient
As they go down stream...

Answer 19

They decrease

💩🤪🌚🥩👹🐔

Question 20

What does peam stand for?

Answer 20

Point - evidence - anomoleas - manipulation (for example sight 1 has 5x larger sediment than sight 5)

Question 21

What is the mouth?

Answer 21

Where the river meets the sea

Question 22

What is the drainage basin?

Answer 22

An area of land that absorbs any water that falls on it into the river or via a tributary

Question 23

What is a source

Answer 23

When a river starts

Question 24

What is a tributary?

Answer 24

A small river or stream that joins a larger river

Question 25

What is a confluence?

Answer 25

The point at which a river meets another river

Question 26

What is a water shed?

Answer 26

An area of raised land forming the edge of a river basin

Question 27

What is percolation?

Answer 27

When water travels from the soil into the permeable rock

Question 28

What is soil moisture flow?

Answer 28

When water in the soil flows horizontally through the soil into the river

Question 29

What is ground water storage

Answer 29

When water fills in the cracks in the rocks and is stored deep under ground

Question 30

What is ground water flow?

Answer 30

Water flows horizontally through a rocks into a river

Question 31

What is interception storage?

Answer 31

Leaves and buildings catch rain as it falls to the ground and stores the water

Question 32

What is soil moisture storage?

Answer 32

Water fills pores in the soil

Question 33

What is infiltration?

Answer 33

When water goes down from surface into the soil

Question 34

Surface run-off

Answer 34

Water flows across the ground straight into the river it’s very dry or wet.

Question 35

The Long Profile

Answer 35

shows how a river’s gradient changes as it flows from its source to its mouth