Rivers

Question 1

how does a rivers long profile change downstream?

Answer 1

In the mountains the velocity would vary
- UPPER COURSE
steep gradient but shallow so there is friction and isn't that fast
-MIDDLE COURSE 
tributaries bring in more water and there is a gentle gradient so there is less friction and the velocity picks up 
- LOWER COURSE 
channel is at its widest 
less deposition smallest gradient

Question 2

how does a rivers cross profile change down stream?

Answer 2

1. v-shaped, steep sided , the river is narrow and shallow
2. wider floodplain and flat floor, the river is wider and deeper
3. floodplains further widen and levees form , the river is wide, deep and has a large sediment load

Question 3

what is lateral erosion?

Answer 3

SIDEWAYS

Question 4

`what is vertical erosion?

Answer 4

DOWNWARDS

Question 5

what is hydraulic action?

Answer 5

force of the water is hitting the river bed and banks

Question 6

what is abrasion?

Answer 6

the load carried by the river bangs the river bed

Question 7

what is attrition?

Answer 7

when stones carried by the river hit each other and stones become smaller and more rounded?

Question 8

what is solution?

Answer 8

river flows over limestone which is soluble and causes the river to become mildly acidic

Question 9

what is traction?

Answer 9

large particles rolled over the riverbed

Question 10

what is suspension?

Answer 10

small sediment held in the river

Question 11

what is saltation?

Answer 11

“bouncing” of particles that are too heavy to be suspended

Question 12

what are the main forms of erosion?

Answer 12

• ATTRITION
• SOLUTION
• HYDRAULIC ACTION
• ABRASION

Question 13

what is the main forms of transportation?

Answer 13

• SUSPENSION
• TRACTION
• SALTATION
• SOLOUTION