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Geography > Rivers > Flashcards

Rivers Flashcards

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1
Q

What shape of land do you get near the source of a river.

A

A v-shaped valley

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2
Q

What shape of land do you get in the middle course

A

a u-shaped valley

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3
Q

Where does the river begin

A

the hills and mountains

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4
Q

Where is the river at its narrowest

A

the upper course

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5
Q

Where is the river at its fastest

A

the lower course

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6
Q

Where is the at highest altitude

A

the upper course

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7
Q

Where does most of the erosion and transportation take place.

A

The upper course

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8
Q

Where is the river is wider

A

The middle course

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9
Q

Where does the river get closer to the sea level

A

The middle course

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10
Q

Where does the river speed up

A

the middle course

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11
Q

here would you find oxbow lakes

A

The middle course

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12
Q

The river is at sea level

A

the lower course

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13
Q

The river is at its widest

A

the lower course

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14
Q

The river reaches the sea

A

the lower course

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15
Q

The river deposits the remaining sediment.

A

the lower course

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16
Q

What are the four types of erosion

A

hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution.

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17
Q

What is Hydraulic action

A

The sheer force of water hitting the beds and banks of the river.

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18
Q

What is abrasion

A

When particles rub against the river bed in sandpaper effect

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19
Q

What is attrition

A

when the particle bump into each other and become smoother and rounder.

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20
Q

What is solution/corrosion (erosion)

A

when chemicals in the water break down the particles.

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21
Q

What are the three types of weathering

A

Biological, chemical and physical

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22
Q

What is physical weathering

A

When water seeps into a rock freezes and leaves a crack. this happens until the rock is split in half.

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23
Q

What is biological weathering

A

when tree roots crack rocks.

24
Q

What is chemical weathering

A

When chemicals in rain break down the rock.

25
Q

Is limestone soft or hard rock

A

soft

26
Q

Is granite soft or hard rock

A

hard

27
Q

Name the four types of transportation

A

traction, saltation, suspension and solution

28
Q

What is traction

A

When large rocks or boulders are rolled along the river bed.

29
Q

What is saltation

A

When small rocks are bounced along the river bed.

30
Q

What is suspension

A

When pebbles are carried by the current

31
Q

What is saltation (transportation)

A

When dissolved particles are carried along by the current.

32
Q

What is a drainage basin

A

the are of land which a river drains

33
Q

What is the water shed

A

The divide line between river basins

34
Q

What is a tributary

A

a smaller river which feeds into a larger river

35
Q

What is a confluence

A

Where the smaller river joins the larger one

36
Q

What is deposition

A

When material or load is deposited or dropped off due to the river losing energy

37
Q

What do you call the bottom of a a water fall

A

a plunge pool

38
Q

How does a water fall occur

A

You have hard rock on top of soft rock and the water erodes the soft rock creating overhang through hydraulic action and abrasion, making an overhang and a plunge pool. The over hang collapses and an undercut occurs. the water retreats and a gorge is created when through hydraulic action.

39
Q

How does a rapid occur?

A

There would be soft rock surrounding hard rock, and through hydraulic action the soft rock erodes through hydraulic action, but the hard rock doesn’t so the water crashes into the hard rock making rapids

40
Q

How does an oxbow lake occur

A

You start with a meander and when the bend is to narrow the river will take the shorter route and cut off the meander, depositing the load and forming an ox bow lake.

41
Q

What are Meanders

A

the inner bend has less energy and deposits some load, on the inner bend, which creates a beach. On the outer bend there is erosion as the water has more energy, which creates a river cliff with an undercut similar to a waterfall.

42
Q

Where does a floodplain occur

A

the lower course

43
Q

What benefits to floodplains have

A

agriculture, easy to build on and minerals are deposited.

44
Q

What are floodplains

A

Areas that are flat and have very fertile soil.

45
Q

Where do levees occur

A

the lower course

46
Q

How are levees

A

When the river floods, load is deposited creating a hill around the river. A man made example would be an embankment.

47
Q

Where would you find a delta

A

the lower course

48
Q

Where would you find an estuary

A

the lower course

49
Q

What is an estuary

A

The place where the river meets the sea

50
Q

What are the three different types of sources

A

glaciers, precipitation and springs.

51
Q

Where can the mouth of a river be

A

a lake, a larger river or the sea.

52
Q

What is precipitation

A

Rain, snow or hail

53
Q

What is condensation

A

When water vapour turns into liquid creating clouds

54
Q

What is evaporation

A

When the sun turns liquid into vapour

55
Q

sublimation

A

When vapour turns straight into ice

56
Q

What is the difference between erosion and weathering

A

Erosion is when the rock is in motion whereas weathering is when the rock is stationary

57
Q

What is a levee

A

a ridge of sediment deposited naturally alongside a river by overflowing water.

Geography (3 decks)

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