population and settlement Flashcards
What does the population distribution map indicate about the world’s population?
The world’s population is not evenly distributed; some areas are densely populated while others are sparsely populated.
What is population density?
Population density is the number of people per km².
What is Natural Increase (NI)?
Natural Increase is population growth due to the number of births exceeding deaths (NI = BR > DR).
Define Birth Rate (BR).
Birth Rate is the number of births per 1000 people per year.
Define Death Rate (DR).
Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
What does the Infant Mortality Rate measure?
The Infant Mortality Rate measures the number of babies that die before their first birthday per 1000.
What are the key factors of Population Change?
The key factors of Population Change are Birth Rate (BR), Death Rate (DR), and Migration.
What is migration?
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
What is international migration?
International migration is when people move from one country (the source) to another country (the host).
What is rural-urban migration?
Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas into towns or cities.
What is a push factor in migration?
A push factor is something that forces people to leave an area, such as unemployment, war, or lack of medical care.
What is a pull factor in migration?
A pull factor is something that attracts people to an area, such as better job opportunities or health services.
Define sparsely populated.
Sparsely populated means a small population with few people per km².
Define densely populated.
Densely populated means a high population with many people per km².
What is population structure?
Population structure refers to the number/proportion of people in each age range, broken down by gender.
What are the three groups on a population pyramid?
- Young Dependents: 0-15 age group
- Economically Active: 16-65 age group
- Elderly Dependents: 65+ age group
What does life expectancy measure?
Life expectancy measures the average age an individual is expected to live in a particular country or region.
Describe the features of population pyramids in developing countries.
Developing countries have pyramids with a wide base indicating high birth rates and a narrow top indicating low life expectancy.
Describe the features of population pyramids in developed countries.
Developed countries have pyramids with a narrow base indicating low birth rates and a wide top indicating high life expectancy.
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
The DTM illustrates what happens to population over time as countries develop.
What is overpopulation?
Overpopulation means too many people in a country for the resources available.
List some consequences of overpopulation.
- Lack of food
- Lack of clean water
- Pressure on services (schools, hospitals)
- Pressure on housing
- High energy needs
- Increased pollution
What is a conurbation?
A conurbation is a region made up of a number of cities and large towns that have formed one continuous urban area.
What is urbanization?
Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
Define a settlement.
A settlement is a place where people live, which can be a single dwelling or a group of dwellings.
What is the site of a settlement?
The site of a settlement is its exact location, such as on top of a hill or in a forest.
What does the situation of a settlement refer to?
The situation of a settlement refers to its surrounding features, both human-made and natural.
List the functions of a settlement.
- Residential
- Industrial
- Commercial
- Service
- Tourism
- Administrative
- Route centre
What does sustainable mean in the context of settlements?
Sustainable means using resources without damaging the environment for future generations.
What is urban regeneration?
Urban regeneration is when an area is transformed by the refurbishment of buildings and landscape.
What is a greenfield site?
A greenfield site is an area of land that has not been built on before.
What is a brownfield site?
A brownfield site is an unused or derelict area of urban land that has been built on previously.
