Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y10 GG > Rivers > Flashcards

Rivers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hydrological cycle?

A

The cycle which describes the continuous movement of water on Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is infiltration?

A

Movement of water into the soil from the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are stores?

A

Water held within the system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is surface runoff?

A

Water that travels straight to a river because of impermeable surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is groundwater flow?

A

Movement of water within rock or saturated soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is through flow?

A

Movement of water within rock or unsaturated soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a river?

A

Natural stream of water flowing to the sea, a lake, or another river.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hydaulic action?

A

Force of water eroding the rivers banks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Rocks transported by the river wear away the beds and banks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is attrition?

A

Rocks contact other rocks creating smaller and more rounded sediment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is solution? e

A

Small particles disolved in the river.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is suspension?

A

Fine particles moving through the river.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is solution?

A

Minerals being dissolved in the water and transported.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is traction?

A

Large boulders rolling along the river bed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is saltation?

A

Pebbles bouncing along the river bed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which river characteristics are there downstream?

A

Wider, deeper, fast velocity, high discharge and large voume of load.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which river characteristics are there upstream?

A

Larger particle size, rough channel bed, steeper gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is confluence?

A

Junction of two rivers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a tributary?

A

A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake.

20
Q

What is the source?

A

Starting point of a river.

21
Q

What is the mouth?

A

Where the river meets the sea.

22
Q

What is the drainage basin?

A

Area of land drained by a single river.

23
Q

What is watershed?

A

An area of land that seperates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.

24
Q

Where is vertical erosion dominant?

A

Upper course.

25
Q

Where is lateral erosion dominant?

A

Middle and lower course.

26
Q

What is the long profile?

A

Diagram that shows the change in gradient with distance.

27
Q

What is the cross profile?

A

Diagram that shows the shape of the valley from one side to another.

28
Q

Why does velocity increase downstream?

A

Smoother channel, so less of the river’s energy is lost to friction.

29
Q

What are interlocking spurs? (upper)

A

Projecting ridges that extend alternately from opposite sides of a V shaped valley. The river winds around its course as it erodes the soft rock a lot faster than the hard rock.

30
Q

What are waterfalls? (upper)

A

Upper course landforms that form when hard rock is on top of soft rock.
Hydraulic action and abrasion wear away the soft rock. Erosional processes continue to make a height difference, resulting in the formation of a step.
A plunge pool is formed and an overhang now exists.
The hard rock collapses due to gravity as the soft rock has been eroded away by hydraulic action from the splash back.
The waterfall retreats through the valley.
A steep-sided valley remains from where the waterfall once was, this is known as a gorge.

31
Q

Where do erosion and deposition occur in a river bend?

A

Erosion on the outside (as water flows faster), deposition on the inside (as water flows slower).

32
Q

How is a meander and oxbow lake formed? (middle)

A

If there is a weakness on one side of the river.
Erosion is fast on the outside of river bends, due to the smooth river bed and lack of friction, which causes the river to bend in a direction. This forms a river cliff.
Deposition happens on the inside of river bends, due to the rough river bed and increased friction, which causes the river to become further away from its original course. This forms a slip-off slope.
Overtime, the horseshoe shape will become tighter due to erosion down the middle, and the two ends will meet.
The loop will be cut-off from the main channel. This cut-off loop is known as an oxbow lake.

33
Q

What is a floodplain? (lower)

A

A wide, flat area of land, partially due to meander migration where rivers erode laterally into the valley.
This land is higher and more fertile after floods because of deposited material.

34
Q

What is a levee? (lower)

A

Bank of land either side of the river which can be manmade or naturally made.
When a river floods, the water has friction with the land and sediment is deposited.
Heavy sediment is deposited closer to the river and smaller sediment is deposited further away from the river. This is known as graded deposition.
When these are made naturally, the risk of flooding is increased as the sediment becomes thicker on the river base, reducing the channel capacity.

35
Q

What is an estuary? (lower)

A

Where the mouth of a river meets the sea.
A very wide section of the river where the sea and river meet.
Dominaed by tidal processes which create mudflats and deltas.
The abundance of sediment and slow water flow results in massive amounts of deposition.

36
Q

What is flood risk?

A

A river is at risk of flooding if the volume of water in the river channel is larger than the capacity of the river channel.

37
Q

What is saturated ground?

A

When the ground is saturated with water and can no longer allow water to infiltrate which results in surface runoff.

38
Q

What is a storm hydrograph?

A

A graph which shows how a river’s discharge changes in response to a rainfall event.

39
Q

What happened in Boscastle?

A

The River Valency flooded which caused two million tonnes of water to surge through the village.

40
Q

A social benefit of Boscastle…

A

Development of flood management strategies brought the community together.

41
Q

A social negative of Boscastle…

A

Some people feel as if the village is no longer the same after the flood.

42
Q

An economic positive of Boscastle…

A

Rebuilding of Boscastle increased investment into the area which has increased the number of tourists.

43
Q

An economic negative of Boscastle…

A

It cost £5m to implement the flood management scheme which is a lot for a small village.

44
Q

An enviromental positive of Boscastle…

A

Risk of flooding has gone from 1 in 10 years to 1 in 75 years.

45
Q

An enviromental negative of Boscastle…

A

Trees were removed from along the riverside which makes the area less attractive.

Y10 GG (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions