Rivers

Question 1

What are the four types of erosion?

Answer 1

hydraulic action, abrasion, solution, attrition

Question 2

What are the four types of transportation?

Answer 2

suspension, solution, traction, saltation

Question 3

What is a long profile?

Answer 3

A line showing the gradient of a river from source to mouth

Question 4

What is a cross profile?

Answer 4

A section taken sideways across a river channel and/ or valley

Question 5

What is a meander?

Answer 5

A bend in the river

Question 6

(MEANDERS) What are riffles?

Answer 6

shallow, fast flowing sections with deposits of coarser gravel

Question 7

(MEANDERS) What are pools?

Answer 7

Deeper, slower-moving sections with finer deposits

Question 8

Where do waterfalls form?

Answer 8

Where there is a junction between a hard capping upstream and soft rock downstream

Question 9

What is an oxbow lake?

Answer 9

A small, horseshoe-shaped lake

Question 10

What is a waterfall?

Answer 10

A sudden, steep drop in a river

Question 11

What is a gorge?

Answer 11

A deep, narrow passage that usually has a river running through it

Question 12

What is an interlocking spur?

Answer 12

Hill that a river meanders around in a V-shaped valley. When viewed from downstream, these spurs appear to be locked together

Question 13

What is a levee?

Answer 13

A raised river bed found alongside a river that is prone to flooding

Question 14

What is a floodplain?

Answer 14

An area of low-lying land next to a river which is prone to flooding

Question 15

What is an estuary?

Answer 15

The open mouth of the river where it meets the sea

Question 16

What is a mudflat?

Answer 16

Sheltered coastal areas where mud is deposited by tides or rivers

Question 17

What is a watershed?

Answer 17

the edge of a river basin

Question 18

What is the source?

Answer 18

Where the river begins

Question 19

What is the mouth?

Answer 19

Where a river meets the sea

Question 20

What is a tributary?

Answer 20

A small stream joins a larger river

Question 21

What is a confluence?

Answer 21

Where a tributary joins a larger river

Question 22

What is a channel?

Answer 22

Where the river flows

Question 23

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 23

An area of land drained but a river and it’s tributaries

Question 24

What is a hydrograph?

Answer 24

A graph to show how a river responds to a period of rainfall

Question 25

What is peak discharge?

Answer 25

Maximum amount of water held in the channel

Question 26

What is peak rainfall?

Answer 26

Maximum amount of rainfall

Question 27

What is lag time?

Answer 27

The time taken between peak rainfall and peak discharge

Question 28

What is the rising limb?

Answer 28

Shows the increase in discharge on a hydrograph

Question 29

What is the falling limb?

Answer 29

Shows the return of discharge to normal/ base flow in a hydrograph

Question 30

What is base flow?

Answer 30

The normal discharge of the river

Question 31

What is flooding?

Answer 31

Where land that isn’t usually underwater becomes inundated

Question 32

What are physical factors of flooding?

Answer 32

Precipitation, geology, steep slopes

Question 33

What are human factors of flooding?

Answer 33

Urbanisation, deforestation, agriculture

Question 34

What is hard engineering?

Answer 34

Man-made structures to prevent or control nutarão processes from taking place

Question 35

What is channel straightening?

Answer 35

When a meandering section of a river is engineered to crate a widened, straightened and depends course

Question 36

What are embankments?

Answer 36

An artificially raised river bank (so more water can be held)

Question 37

What is a flood relief channel?

Answer 37

An artificially made channel that’s designed as a backup channel for a river that frequently floods

Question 38

What is soft engineering?

Answer 38

Working with the natural river processes to manage flood risk