River Valley Civilizations

Question 1

Mesopotamian type of writing?

Answer 1

cuneiform

Question 2

Who did they trade with?

Answer 2

Egypt + Indus Valley

Question 3

Most famous piece of literature?

Answer 3

Epic of Gilgamesh

Question 4

What metal used for tools and weapons?

Answer 4

Bronze

Question 5

Mathematic Advancements?

Answer 5

astronomy and math based on 60

Question 6

View of the world

Answer 6

pessimistic because of irregular unpredictable flooding of tigris and euphrates

Question 7

religion

Answer 7

polytheism - gods powerful and cruel

Question 8

Status of kings

Answer 8

powerful but not divine

Question 9

Political Organization

Answer 9

city states and warrior kings, and frequent competition between city states led to little political stability

Question 10

Laws

Answer 10

Hammurabi’s Code - “an eye for an eye”

Question 11

Job specialization

Answer 11

farmers, metallurgist, merchants, craftsmen, political administrators, priests

Question 12

Women

Answer 12

marriage contracts, veils, women of upper classes had less freedom

Question 13

Common characteristics of river valley civilizations?

Answer 13

complex irrigation systems, legal codes, money, art + written literature, formal scientific knowledge, number systems, calendars, more social equality

Question 14

When was Mesopotamia developed?

Answer 14

around 3500 BCE - 1500 BCE

Question 15

When did the Indus valley develop?

Answer 15

2500 BCE

Question 16

how was their writing system?

Answer 16

indecipherable, so little is known about the civilization

Question 17

trade?

Answer 17

soapstone seals indicate trade with mesopotamia and china

Question 18

weapons?

Answer 18

crude : stone arrowheads, no swords

Question 19

religion?

Answer 19

polytheism

Question 20

major cities?

Answer 20

harappa and mohenjo-daro

Question 21

political structure?

Answer 21

complex and centralized

Question 22

priests?

Answer 22

high status - intermediates between gods and people

Question 23

social classes?

Answer 23

yes - strong distinctions

Question 24

when was shang china developed?

Answer 24

1700 BCE

Question 25

Oracle Bones

Answer 25

used to connect with ancestors + led to development of pictorial language that connected different languages

Question 26

weapons and tools

Answer 26

bronze

Question 27

transportation

Answer 27

horse-drawn chariots

Question 28

trade?

Answer 28

indus valley

Question 29

government?

Answer 29

centralized, with power in the hands of the emperor

Question 30

government projects?

Answer 30

flood control of river

Question 31

social classes?

Answer 31

warrors, aristocrats, bureacrats, farmers slaves

Question 32

state of women in society?

Answer 32

patriarchal with women as concubines or wives

Question 33

When was civilization developed in meso and south america?

Answer 33

1200 BCE

Question 34

where were Olmecs?

Answer 34

mesoamerica

Question 35

Mathematical developments?

Answer 35

astronomy used to predict agricultural cycles and please gods

Question 36

religion?

Answer 36

polytheism: shamans as healers, religious rituals

Question 37

agriculture?

Answer 37

irrigation and drainage canals

Question 38

political organization?

Answer 38

not united

Question 39

social aspect?

Answer 39

craft specializations, priests have high status, most people were farmers

Question 40

where were the chavin?

Answer 40

south america

Question 41

political aspects?

Answer 41

capital city, political unification, public works operated by labor obligations

Question 42

social aspects?

Answer 42

priests = high status, capital city dominated land, most people were farmers

Question 43

symbols?

Answer 43

jaguars important to polytheism (jaguar men)

Question 44

architecture?

Answer 44

square-stone, no mortar

Question 45

agriculture?

Answer 45

well-developed, based on maize

Question 46

geography?

Answer 46

very unique, lived in mountains, coast, and jungle

Question 47

agricultural societies

Answer 47

cultivate crops 8000 BCE

Question 48

types of technology?

Answer 48

domestication of plants and animals, iron tools, writing systems, growth + development

Question 49

where?

Answer 49

mesopotamia, nile river valley, india, china, mesoamerica, andes

Question 50

pastoral societies

Answer 50

domesticated animals 8000 BCE

Question 51

types of technology?

Answer 51

domestication of horses and camels

Question 52

where?

Answer 52

steppes, grasslands, deserts, mountain ranges

Question 53

foraging societies

Answer 53

hunting and gathering 35,000 BCE

Question 54

types of technology?

Answer 54

baskets for gathering and storing hunting tools

Question 55

where?

Answer 55

everywhere until sedentary agricultural societies and empires took over fertile areas

Question 56

Egypt- Year it was developed

Answer 56

3000 BCE

Question 57

Who did they trade with?

Answer 57

The Mesopotamians but their trade was less extensive than other civilizations.

Question 58

Religion?

Answer 58

Polytheistic and the pharaoh was considered a god

Question 59

Concerned with what?

Answer 59

Decorative arts, shipbuilding, and had some medical knowledge.

Question 60

Government structure

Answer 60

Divine kingship-pharaoh. Highly centralized and by today standard it was an authoritarian government. Extensive bureaucracy and the pharaoh's powers were channeled through regional government.

Question 61

Egyptian women

Answer 61

Probably higher status than in Mesopotamia. Owned property and could divorce husbands.

Question 62

Describe social structure

Answer 62

Smaller nobility than Mesopotamia. Merchants were few and were low in status. Priest would have the highest status after pharaoh. Pharaoh was at the top, government officials, priests, soldiers, farmers, peasants, merchants, and lastly slaves