River Ice Flashcards
What are the three periods of ice?
Freeze up, main winter and ice break up
What are the two types of ice?
Dynamic: Frazil and anchor
Static: Border and surface
What is frazil ice?
Super cold water and nuclear ion forms in turbulent water. Looks like slush and has different formations.
What is anchor ice?
On substrate, created by deposition and nucleation
What is border ice?
Still water, on edge or emerged boulders in water
What is surface ice?
Stable, formed on maintained temp and water slow. Has low flow which causes habitat loss but creates air caps which are good for fish.
What does ice cover do to habitat?
Minimizes photosynthesis (-95%), increases groundwater, causes low dissolved oxygen
What is ice break up?
A dramatic process in which ice is scouring and cutting deeper, often causing sediment deposits down stream.
What are the two types of ice break up?
- Thermal: Temp causes ice to erode and fall away. It is gradual with moderate change in discharge
- Mechanical: Can cause ice jams and major flood events because of high flows and frozen ground
