river flow

Question 1

flows

Answer 1

helicoidal, laminar, turbulent

Question 2

helicoidal

Answer 2

as flow enters meandering channel, centrifugal forces cause water to pile up against the outer cut-bank

elevated surface water travels across the gravitational gradient and acts towards the inner bank creating a current at depth from the outer and inner bank

this balances the surface flow and completes the point bar

Question 3

Laminar

Answer 3

horizontal movement of water, rarely experienced in rivers

travels over sediment without disturbing it

Question 4

turbulent flow

Answer 4

consists of a series of erratic eddies, both vertical and horizontal in the downstream direction

varies with the velocity of the river, which in turn depends on the amount of energy available after friction has been overcome