Risk Stratification

Question 1

List 5 ABSOLUTE contraindications to exercising

Answer 1

• Recent significant change in resting ECG suggesting significant ischaemia, recent myocardial infarction, or other acute event (Check ST-segment for indications).
• Unstable angina.
• uncontrolled cardia disrhythmias causing symptoms of haemodynamic compromise (BP abnormalities).
• Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (abnormal narrowing of aortic valve).
• Uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure.
• Acute pulmonary embolus or infarction.
• Acute myo- or peri-carditis.
• Suspected/known dissecting aneurysm.
• Acute systemic infection, accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph nodes.

Question 2

List 5 RELATIVE contraindications to exercising.

Answer 2

• Left main coronary stenosis.
• Moderate stenotic heart disease.
• Electrolyte abnormalities (hypoK or hypoMg).
• Severe arterial hypertension (SBP>200 or DBP>110) at rest.
• Tachy- or Brady-disrhythmias.
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• NM, MS, or rheumatoid disorders exacerbated by exercise.
• 2nd and 3rd degree AV blocks.
• Ventricular aneurysm.
• Uncontrolled metabolic disease.
• Chronic infectious disease.
• Mental/Physical impairments leading to inability to exercise.

Question 3

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Answer 3

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