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Phase 2 Mine > Risk Scores > Flashcards

Risk Scores Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of QRISK3

A

Calculates risk of developing a heart attack or stroke over the next 10 years.

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2
Q

What does a QRISK3 score over more than 20 suggest?

A

High risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years.

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3
Q

What is moderate risk score on QRISK3?

A

10-20%

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4
Q

What non-clinical factors are looked at on the QRISK3 score?

A
  1. Age
  2. Sex
  3. Ethnicity
  4. Postcode
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5
Q

What clinical factors are looked at on the QRISK3 score?

A
  1. Smoking status
  2. Diabetes status
  3. Angina/MI in 1st degree relative <60
  4. CKD stage 3, 4, 5
  5. AF
  6. BP management medication
  7. Migraines
  8. SLE
  9. Severe mental illness/ atypical antipsychotic meds
  10. Steroids
  11. Erectile dysfunction treatment
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6
Q

What investigation results are looked at on the QRISK3 score?

A
  1. Cholesterol/HDL ratio
  2. Systolic BP
  3. BMI
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7
Q

What does the CHADS2VASc score show?

A

Risk of stroke in those with AF

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8
Q

What are the factors in the CHADS2VASc score?

A
  1. Congestive HF/LVSD
  2. HTN >140/90
  3. Age >75 = 2 points
  4. DM
  5. Prior Stroke (2), TIA(1) or thromboembolism
  6. Vascular disease e.g. peripheral artery disease, MI, aortic plaque
  7. Age 65-74 = 1 point
  8. Sex - Female
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9
Q

Features of the HAS-BLED?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Abnormal renal/liver function
  3. Stroke
  4. Bleeding
  5. Labile INR (unstable)
  6. Elderly
  7. Drugs or alcohol
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10
Q

What does HAS-BLED show?

A

Assess 1 year risk of major bleeding in patients taking anticoagulants with atrial fibrillation.

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11
Q

Why use Well’s score for DVT?

A

Rule out the need for US to diagnose DVT

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12
Q

Features of Well’s score for DVT?

A
  1. Active cancer
  2. Bedridden recently >3 days or major surgery within 12 weeks
  3. Calf swelling >3cm compared to other leg
  4. Collateral superficial veins present
  5. Entire leg swollen
  6. Localised tenderness along the deep venous system
  7. Pitting oedema - single leg
  8. Paralysis, paresis or recent plaster immobilisation
  9. Previously documented DVT
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13
Q

What suggests score of moderate risk in DVT?

A

1-2

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14
Q

What suggests score of high risk in DVT?

A

> 2

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15
Q

What to do if moderate risk in DVT Well’s score?

A
  1. High sensitivity D dimer testing
    - -> if negative then no worries
    - -> if positive proceed to US
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16
Q

What to do if high risk in DVT Well’s score?

A

Should receive diagnostic US

17
Q

Why use Well’s score for PE?

A

To reduce number of people getting a CT pulmonary agniogram.

18
Q

Features of Well’s score for PE?

A
  1. Clinical signs and symptoms of DVT
  2. PE = #1 diagnosis or equally likely
  3. HR >100
  4. Immobilisation at least 3 days or surgery in the previous 4 weels
  5. Previously objectively diagnosed PE/ DVT
  6. Haemoptysis
  7. Malignancy w/ treatment within 6 months or palliative
19
Q

What is moderate risk in PE Well’s score?

A

2-6 If D dimer negative consider stopping work up

If D dimer positive consider CTA.

20
Q

What is high risk in PE Well’s score?

A

> 6 –> consider CTA

21
Q

Features of Diabetes Risk Score

A
  1. Gender
  2. Age
  3. Ethnicity
  4. 1st degree relative with diabetes
  5. Waist size
  6. BMI
  7. BP or BP medications
22
Q

What is low risk on Diabetes Risk Score

A

0-6

23
Q

What is increased risk in Diabetes Risk Score

A

7-15 - make lifestyle changes

24
Q

What is moderate risk in Diabetes Risk Score

A

16-24 - see GP and discuss risk and how to reduce

25
Q

What is high risk in Diabetes Risk Score

A

25 or more points see GP ASAP

26
Q

What is risk score used for osteoporosis

A

FRAX

27
Q

What are the features of FRAX

A
  1. Age
  2. Sex
  3. Weight
  4. Height
  5. Previous Fracture
  6. Previous fractured hip
  7. Current smoking
  8. Glucocorticoids
  9. Rheumatoid arthritis
  10. Secondary osteoporosis
  11. Alcohol 3 or more units per day
  12. Femoral neck BMD
28
Q

Purpose of FRAX score?

A

Probability of fracture within the next 10 years

29
Q

What is high risk on FRAX?

A

Major osteoporotic >20

Hip fracture >3 %

30
Q

Score used for risk of stroke within 2 days after TIA?

A

ABCD2

31
Q

Features of ABCD2 score?

A
  1. Age >= 60
  2. BP >= 140/90
  3. Clinical features of TIA - unilateral weakness (2), speech disturbance without weakness (1)
  4. Duration of symptoms >= 10-59 min (1); > 60 (2)
  5. History of diabetes (1)
32
Q

What is low ABCD2 risk

A

0-3

33
Q

What is moderate ABCD2 risk

A

4-5

34
Q

What is high ABCD2 risk

A

6-7

35
Q

What CHAD2VASc score should oral anticoagulants be started at?

A

2 or more is seen as moderate risk and oral anticoagulants should be considered.

36
Q

What score for HASBLED should anticoagulants be avoided?

A

3 or more, there is a major risk of bleeding and alternatives should be considered.

Phase 2 Mine (12 decks)

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