Risk of Factors Flashcards
Name 3 risk factors for periodontitis:
1-Tobacco smoking
2-Diabetes
3-Pathogenic bacteria
True or False: Negative effects of smoking on the host are reversible.
True
What to do to decrease the risk for periodontitis after smoking?
increase the number of years since quitting smoking
True or False: Former smokers respond to periodontal therapy similarly to nonsmokers
True
5As of Treating Tobacco Dependency:
- Ask the patient about smoking status
- Advise smokers of the associations between oral disease and smoking
- Assess the patient’s interest to attempt to quit
- Assist the patient in the attempt
- Arrange for referral or follow- up visit
True or False: Direct relationship between diabetes and periodontitis.
True
What are the complications of diabetes that affect periodontitis as well:
microvascular and macrovascular diseases
Side effects of Poorly controlled diabetics:
• Altered immune function
(PMNs)
• Qualitative changes in bacteria
• Altered collagen structure and function
• Severe gingival inflammation, deep pockets, rapid bone loss, and periodontal abscesses
Name anatomic factors that harbor bacterial plaque:
- Furcations
- Root concavities
- Grooves
- Cervical enamel projections
- Enamel pearls
- Overhanging margins
- Calculus
Risk Factor that is non-modifiable in periodontitists:
- Age
- Gender
- Genetic Factors
- Socioeconomic status
- Stress
Genetic factors influence which disease:
gingivitis,
attachment loss,
bone height,
How genetic factors influence periodontitis:
- Alterations in neutrophils, monocytic hyperresponsiveness associated with severe periodontitis
- Alterations in IL-1 genes are one of several involved in periodontitis
True or False: Periodontitis Prevalence and severity increase with age:
True
How stress becomes the risk factor for periodontitis:
- Emotional stress may interfere with normal immune function
- Stressful events lead to greater prevalence of periodontal disease
- Increased incidence of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis during periods of high stress
What are risk indicators of Periodontitis?
- Infrequent dental visits
- HIV/AIDS
- Osteoporosis
True or False: In healthy subjects, % BOP sites has a linear relationship with probing force.
True
True or False: Maybe environmental, behavioral, or biological.
True
True or False: Risk factors are identified by longitudinal studies of patients with the disease of interest.
True
True or False: To be considered a risk factor, the exposure must occur before disease onset.
True
How many carcinogens have been known for smoking tobacco?
60
What is the major risk factor for periodontitis and affects the prevalence, extent, and severity of the disease?
Smoking
True or False: There is a dose-response relationship between smoking and the prevalence and severity of periodontitis.
True.
Effect of smoking on gingivitis.
Decreasing gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing.
Effect of smoking on periodontitis.
- Increasing the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction.
- Increase of pocket depth, attachment loss, and bone loss.
- Increase of the rate of periodontal destruction
- Increase in prevalence of severe periodontitis
- Increase in tooth loss
- Increase in prevalence with an increased number of cigarettes smoked per day.
- Decrease of prevalence and severity with smoking cessation.
5As for treating tobacco dependency.
- Ask the patient about smoking status
- Advise smokers of the associations between oral disease and smoking.
- Assess the patient’s interest in attempting to quit
- Assist the patient in the attempt.
- Arrange for a referral or follow up visit
True or False: There is a direct relationship between diabetes and periodontitis.
True
True or False: No difference between type 1 and 2.
True
Which disease causes the 6th complication of diabetes:
Periodontal disease.
Which complications are after periodontitis and diabetes?
- Microvascular
- Macrovascular
The consequences of poorly controlled diabetics.
- Altered immune function (PMNs)
- Qualitative changes in bacteria
- Altered collagen structure and function
- Severe gingival inflammation, deep pockets, rapid bone loss, and periodontal abscesses
Name the anatomic factors that harbor bacterial plaque.
- Furcations
- Root concavities
- Grooves
- Cervical enamel projections
- Enamel pearls
- Overhanging margins
- Calculus
Name risk factors that are non-modifiable.
- Gender
- Age
- Socioeconomic status
- Genetic factors
- Stress
Which gum conditions are affected by genetic factors based on the twin studies?
- Gingivitis
- Attachment loss
- Bone height
Which blood conditions were associated with severe periodontitis in twin studies?
Alteration in neutrophils, monocytic hyperresponsiveness.
Does the prevalence and severity of non-modifiable risk factors increase with age?
Yes.
Which gender has more attachment loss and higher levels of plaque and calculus?
Men due to preventive practice of oral hygiene
True or False: Increased incidence of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis during periods of high stress.
True
Name 3 risk indicators of periodontitis.
- OSTEOPOROSIS
- HIV/AIDS
- INFREQUENT DENTAL VISITS
Which risk indicator causes the increased periodontal pocket formation and loss of attachment, and oral lesions prominent?
HIV/AIDS
Name oral and periodontal manifestations of HIV infection.
- Oral candidiasis
- Linear gingival erythema
- Oral hairy leukoplakia
- Kaposi Sarcoma and other malignancies
- Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis.
- Chronic periodontitis
Name the risk indicator that doesn’t initiate periodontitis.
Osteoporosis
Which risk indicator causes the periodontal disease progression by reducing bone mass?
Osteoporosis
Name risk markers/predictors:
- Previous history of periodontal disease
- Bleeding on probing
True or False: Severe existing loss of attachment is a predictor of future loss of attachment.
True.
