Macroanatomy Flashcards
What is included in periodontium?
- Gingiva
- periodontal ligament
- alveolar bone
- Cementum
what covers the alveolar bone?
Gingiva
What does a healthy Gingiva look like? And depends on which factors?
pale pink but variations are common depending on epithelial thickness, and keratinization, vascularity, and pigmentation.
Which races have more accumulation of melanin pigmentation?
African, and Asian.
What is the gingiva?
a thin, rounded edge, formed by a coronal slope of the tissue.
After the teeth penetrate the mucosa during the eruption, the gingiva margin is located between the occlusal surface and the terminal position slightly coronal to the cementoenamel junction.
True or False: Palatal mucosa is keratinized.
True
Where the palatal mucosa is attached?
firmly attached to the underlying periosteum continuous with the attached gingiva.
The shape of interdental papilla:
Anterior: Pyramidal
Posterior: Col shaped
The width of AG in facial and lingual of the mandible:
Facial: Greatest in the incisor region; narrower in the posterior region
Lingual of the mandible: greatest in molars, narrowest in the incisors.
What macroanatomy of the gingiva consists of?
- Marginal gingiva
- Attached gingiva
- Interdental papilla
The function of bone.
-Housing for the roots of the teeth
-Alveolar processess:
. Part of the maxilla and the mandible
. Dependent on the presence of teeth
- Morphology: tooth dependent
- Shape of the alveoli (socket): follow the roof
What is Trabecular bone?
Supporting alveolar bone
What is compact bone?
Formed by haversian bone and bone lamellar
Describe Alveolar bone structure:
1- Alveolar bone proper (lamina dura): cribriform plat
2- Trabecular bone: supporting alveolar bone which lymphatic drainages are here.
3- Compact bone: formed by haversian bone and bine lamellae
Healthy gingiva description:
Color: pale pink/ salmon pink/ coral pink
Contour: knife-edge, scallop
Consistency: firm
Texture: stipping
The distance of attached gingiva:
Mucogingival junction (MGJ) to bottom of gingival sulcus/pocket
True or False: inadequate width of AG in childhood will correct itself from 6-12 years old.
True.
What is characteristics of the periodental phenotype?
Limited amount of keratinized tissue a long with this tissue.
What is the periodental ligament
- connect the tooth to the alveolar bone.
- PDL space: 0.1-0.25 mm (hour-glass shaped). Widest at apex and cervix; narrowest in middle. Depending on age and tooth function
X-ray: PDL space
The function of PDL:
Physical function: - resistance to impact of occlusal force. - Transmission of occlusal force to bone.
Formative and remodeling function: formation and resorption of bone and cementum
Nutritional function: via blood vessels; lymphatic drainage
Sensory: transmitting tactile, pressure and pain
What is the cementum
- cover root surface
- Fibers of PDL attached here
- X-ray: not distinguishable
- Thickest at Apex, thinnest at CEJ
- Thickens as person AGES
What is Fenestration?
Isolated area
Covered by periodontion and no bone
Genetic
What is Dehiscence?
No bone —> no soft tissue —> Gingiva recession —> common side effect after ortho —> because they push the tooth to their edges and there is no bone on the buccle side and we see the dehiscence here.
Name the Vascular supply of periodontium:
Maxillary - Anterior superior alveolar artery, Posterior superior alveolar artery, infraorbital artery, Greater palatine artery
Mandibular- Inferior Alveolar artery and branches
Name the small arteries in periodontium:
1- Alveolar artery
2- Dental artery
3- Intraseptal artery
4- PDL vessles
5- Superiosteal vessels
Name the lymphatic points in periodontium:
Mostly they go to the Submandibular Lymph nodes except:
- 3rd Molars: Jugulodigastric LN
- Palatal Gingiva: Deep Cervical LN
- Lower incisors: Submental LN
Name is nerve innervations in periodontium:
-Trigrminal nerve:
Pressure, touch, temperature, pain
Proprioception from PDL: tooth position, movement, tickness btw teeth in occlusion
- Autonamic nerve: supeior cervical ganglion
- Greater palatine N
- Nasopalatine N
We do numb the Greater Palatine N for which areas?
Hard palate
Molars
Premolars
We do numb the Nasopalatine N for which areas?
Incisors
Palate sides
Name smaller nerves to the skull for teeth:
Infraorbital nerve
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Buccal nerve
Mental nerve
