Risk management and safety Flashcards
What is saftey culture?
Basic assumptions and values that the group has acquired
and that have been found to work well and which are therefore taught to new employees as the right way to perceive, think and feel regarding safety in relation to the business
What are factors that affect saftey culture?
- Management’s commitment. If managers do not show that they prioritize security
issues, it is difficult to get a commitment to the rest of the organization. - Shared responsibility. That everyone takes responsibility is important if you end
up in an accident or crisis situation and to prevent accidents. - Productivity must not be at the expense of security. Safety is a priority and
there is a balance between production and safety. - Involvement. Everyone is involved in how the organization can improve security.
- Learning and improvement are the norm.
- Reporting culture. You must dare to report shortcomings and dare to speak out
when you discover errors. - Safety control. That there are regulations and that people know what to do in
different situations.
What are the 4 factors of an informed culture?
- Just culture
-Reporting culture
-Learning culture
-Flexible culture
What is the swiss cheese model?
Also a part of risk analysis
Describe the 4 stages of the risk management methodology.
Describe the different methods of Hazard/Risk Identification
Risk identification is the process of finding, recognizing and describing risks
What-If Analysis
* What-If Analysis is based on creative, brainstorming for examination of a process or operation
* It should be performed by a team, if the process is complex
* It is a powerful hazard identification technique if the analysis staff is Experienced
*The result of a what-if analysis usually address potential accident situations implied by the
questions and issues posed by the team.
* These questions and issues often suggest specific causes for the identified accident situations.
An example:
”What if the container is contaminated by another material”
Consequences: Quality problem, reaction which may
cause corrosion, or a chemical runaway,…
recommendation: Check up the container before loading
What is HAZOP?
It is a systematic method for identifying :
* potential hazards
* operability deviations within the system
and
specifying the means by which either the probability of their occurrence
can be reduced or the consequences of undesirable incidents can be
minimised.
FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect analysis
Failure Mode and Effects Analyses (FMEAs) evaluate
the ways a failure can occurre or be improperly
operated and the effects these failures can have.
In an FMEA, each individual failure is
considered as an independent occurrence with no
relation to other failures in the system
In short, FMEAs identify single failure modes that either
directly result in or contribute significantly to a production disturbance, an accident, etc.
The purpose of FMEA
* Identify and evaluate during the design process, what can go
wrong, how, and what the effects of it can be
* Identify the component that directly leads to system failure
* Avoid errors in previous designs repeated
* Search and compare alternative solutions
* Provide a basis for improvement of a product and initiate
preventive measures
* Identifying areas where special measures of quality management
and maintenance required
* Ensure that product specifications are met
* Detect any deviations from established safety requirments
* Replace the old way of working to find and fix errors (“fire”)
with the new learning and prevent errors
What are the different numbers included in FMEA?
Severity: Enter a factor of 1-10 as a measure of how serious it is (for the customer or someone else) if the failure occurs
Occurrence: Enter a factor of 1-10 as a measure of the probability for the
Failure to occur
Detection: Enter a factor of 1-10 as a measure of the probability for the
detection of a fault before the effect reach the customer (or anyone else)
What is RPN?
Risk Priority Number = RPN
RPN is calculated as the product of severity (factor 4), occurrence
(factor 6) and detection (factor 8). Since each of the factors in the
range of 1-10, we have:
1 ≤ RPN ≤ 1000
The RPN is a basis for prioritization. High values indicate where
action should be initiated. Low values should also examine whether
any of these three factors has a value of nine or ten. This is
especially true if the failure probability or severity is high
What are the methods for Risk analysis?
- Fault Tree Analysis - FTA
- Event Tree Analysis – ETA
or FME(C)A
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
* Is a graphical and logic technique
* It is a backward method
* Is used for cause analysis of a top event as an
output of ”Hazard Identification”
* It can be used for calculation of frequency of
an incident
Methods for Risk evaluation
Risk evaluation is the process of comparing the results of risk analysis with risk
criteria
- Risk Matrix
What is a bow-tie analysis?
Bow-Tie Analysis is a visual risk assessment method representing hazards, causes, and preventive/mitigative measures in a bow-tie shape.
Components:
Hazardous Event (Central Knot): Event posing a risk.
Threats (Left Wing): Causes leading to the event.
Preventive Barriers (Left Side): Measures to prevent the event.
Consequences (Right Wing): Outcomes from the event.
Mitigative Barriers (Right Side): Measures to mitigate consequences.
Purpose:
Risk Visualization: Clearly illustrates risk relationships.
Risk Assessment: Systematic identification and assessment of risks.
Communication: Effective for stakeholders at all levels.
Decision Support: Informs risk management strategies.
Barrier Management: Identifies critical barriers for improvement.
Safety Culture: Promotes a proactive safety mindset.
Regulatory Compliance: Helps demonstrate adherence to safety regulations.
In summary, Bow-Tie Analysis is a visual and comprehensive risk management tool aiding in assessment, communication, and decision-making for safer operations.
What is risk managment?
Risk management consists of coordinated activities to direct and control an
organization with regard to risk
