Risk management Flashcards
a study method that requires multidisciplinary team, guided by an experienced leader and uses specific guide words such as no, increase, decrease, reverse that are systematically applied to parameters i.e. pressure flow, temperature, to identify consequences of deviation.
HAZOP
loss ratio
losses/exp mod*premium
cost to benefit ratio
cost/net benefit
probability of another accident (fork trucks)
fork truck accidents/# of total accidents
blank are signals preceding behaviors
activators
major hazardous air pollutants must use_ to reduce their emissions
maximum achieavable control technology MACT
promotes a mgmt review the intent of which is to achieve acceptable risk levels
as low as reasonably practicable ALARP
making everything reasonabl effort to maintain exposures to ionzing radiation as far beow the dose limit as practical
as low as reasonably achieve bale ALARA
this level of control is required for new criteria pollutant sources in the attainment areas. defined in the permitting process
best available contorl technology BACT
a_ is often the first step of a system reliability study. it involves reviewing as many components, assemblies and subsystems as possible and their causes and effects. can be qualitative and quantitative. it is inductive reasoning single point failure analysis.
FMEA
3 fundamental steps for ABC analysis
analyze the at risk behavior, analyze the safe behavior an draft the action plan
the strongest behavior consequences are
soon certain and positive
the transmission of multiple singles on a single path
multiplexing
dividing the channel bandiwtch into bands allocating a band to each system requiring the use of the channel for the transmission of signals.
frequency division multiplexing
the information is discrete in time therefore transmission scheme can provide rest periods between transmission. simpler cheaper form of multiplexing however only accesses one device at a a time
time division multiplexing
an example of chain of custody
taking photos, making notes, lighting, date/time, describing angles that photo was taken, any info important later in the process
the product conforms to the European union health safety and environmental protection standards
CE marking
who is the RSPA
research and special program administration. published performance standards HM181 for construction of packaging for transporting hazards materils
All certified hazardous materials packing must bear the what symbol
United Nations UN
the package identification code for UN symbol designates what three things
type of packaging, material of construction and when appropriate, and category of packaging
placed around a noise source to prevent noise from getting outside. normally lined with sound abortion material to decrease internal sound pressure buildup.,
enclosures
equipment used from preventing an employee from reaching a fall point such as an edge or the edge of an elevated working surface.
fall restraint systems
4 elements ABCDS of fall arrest are
anchorage, body wear, connector, deceleration device
GHS signal words indicating relative degree of severity of a hazard
danger and warning. danger more severe, warning less severe
a liquid which even in small quantities is liable to ignite within five minutes after contact with air
pyrophoric liquid
in confined space, process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the releaste of energy and material into the space by such means as blanking or blinding, misalinign or removing sections of lines, double block bleed system,
isolation
closer of a line duct or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closes valves
double block and bleed
means the absolute closer of a pipe, line or duct by fastening of a solid plate that completely covers the bore and can withstand the max pressure of the pipe line or duct with no lekage beyond the plate
blanking or blinding
intentional opening of a pipe, line or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive or toxic material, an inert gas or any fluid at a volume pressure or temp capable of causing injury.
line breaking
displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas such a nitrogren to such an extent that the resulting atmospher is noncombustible. this producues IDLH oxygen defecient atmosphere.
inerting
hazardous atmosphere for oxygen
concentration below 19.5% and above 23.5%
hazardous atmosphere for dust and gas,vapors and mists
5 feet visual for dust or meets/exceeds its LFL. gas/vapors/mists= excess of 10% of its LFL
three traditional levels of warnings
danger, warning, caution. danger is immediate hazard sever injury/death, warning is for unsafe practices or hazards that could cause severe injury/death, and caution=result in minory injury, product damage or property damage
means that a portion of a tags inscription that is more specific than the signal word an that indicates the specific hazardous condition or an instruction to be communicated to the employees i.e high voltage, close clearance do not start
major message
portion of a tags inscription that contains the word or words that are intended to capture the employees immediate atttention
signal word
any action which reduces the losses incurred. i.e. reducing amount burned, or number of persons injured or by reducing oerational loss
loss reduction
4 steps of an effective loss prevention program
problem identification, selection of corrective measurees, implenation and feedback and control
a non destructive tension test performed by sling manufacture or equivalent entity to verify construction and workmanship of sling
non destructive testing
hood construction for perchloric acid (chemical plating and incendiary fireworks)
stainless steel with rounded corners all welded construction
LASER Stands for
light amlification by stiumulated emission of radiation
most common cause of laser induced tissue damge
thermal
ansi standard for lasers
Ansi z136.1
the blank published standards on laser safety
international electro technical commision IEC
lasers emits visible light and are limited to maximum output power of 1 milliwatt. can be protected from injury from natural blink reflex of turning the head
class 2 lasers
lasers have an output power greathern than 500mW milliwatt can cause injyr to both the eye and skin and will be a fire hazard
class 4 laser
lasers have an ouput power that is below the level at which eye injury can occur
class 1
lasers have an output power up to 500mW sufficent to cause an eye injyury. cannot cause skin inury. severity of eye injury will depeond on factures including the laser power entering the eye and exposure duration
class 3b lasers
lasers have a max power of 5mW. limits power of entering a dilated human eye. Hazardous when viewed with binoculars
laser 3a
tag attachments for loto must be non reusable and non releasble with a minum unlocking stenght of
50lbs
most common type of hyroxide bases is. can cause considerable heat when mixed with water or solvents
sodium hydroxide
metal carbonates react with acids to product
salt, water and carbon dioxide
involves sorption of the chemical into the surface of the material through diffusion through the material and desorption on the opposite side
permeation
process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semiperamble membrane from less concentrated solution into a more concentrade one thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane
osmosis
movement cause within a fluid (gas or liquid) by the tendence of hotter and therefore less dense materails to rise and colder denser materals to sink under influence of gravity which consqeuntly results in the transfer of heat
convection
physical changes to material caused by chemical which can include swelling stifenning wrinking changes in color and other pyhiscla deterioriation
degradation
maximum use concentration for respirators is calculated by
APF * PEL
upper limit at which the class of respirator is expectedto provide protection
maximum use concentration
employers shall certify that they have evaluated compliance with the provisions of the psm std everyt. compliance audits must be kept?
3 years. 2 of most recent must be kept
all process hazard analysis must be updated every
5 years
PSM incident reports must be retained for _years and must be initiated _following an incident
5 years, 48 hours
psm refresher safety training should occur
ever 3 yrs
____analysis is a top-down, deductive failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using Boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events. It is a deductive procedure used to determine the various combinations of hardware and software failures and human errors that could cause undesired events (referred to as top events) at the system level.
fault tree anaylsis
the _ gate (looks like a D) indicates the output occurs if all the input events are present
and
the _ gate (looks like a cresent) indicates the output occurs if at least once of the input events is present
or
two of the more common detailed design analysis techniques are
petri net and software-fault tree or soft tree analysis
important for safety critical systems. useful in finding software faults. nasa uses this and airforce. two trees are linked at their interfaces so that the enitire system can be anaylzed.
software fault tree soft tree analysis
analysis of cut sets is a technique that identifes single point and multiple case failures in a software system
soft tree
file transfer protocol
hyper text transfer protocol HTTP
set of protocols that make telenet, FTP email and other services possible among computers that dont belong to the same network
TCP IP
language used for web publishing
HTML hyper text markup language
the global address of documents and other resources on the world wide webe
URL uniform resource locator
it is a standarized application language for relational databases that is used to enter data into a database modify data delete dat and retrieve data
SQL structured query language
set of technology standards and technical specifcations that enable info to be routed from one network to another over the internet
IP internet protocol
extends across a apublic netowkr or internet. enables users to send and recieve data acorss shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network
VPN
software application for retreving presenting and traersing information resources on the world wide web
web browser
an _ is identified by a uniform resource identifier and may be a web page, image, vidoe or other piece of content
information resource
most common computer networks are
peer to peer and client server
network that has three to 5 users, they can share printers, scanners, fax machines
peer to peer network
common means of making information available to multiple users
local area networks. LAN technology is ethernet
what do particulate respirators do
capture dust, mist and fumes
use chemical filters called cartridges or canisters to remove dangerous gases or vapors.
gas and vapor respirators
is one of the leading causes of boom failure
side loading
side load can occur when
load is dragged or pulled sideways, load swings rapidly, when crane is not level, exposed to high winds. tilt up construction can cause this to.
occurs when a load is quickly jerked in any direction or if it is allowed to free-fall before the rigging catches it.
shock loading. causes= rapid acceleration, sudden stopping suddden load release
at least what % of crane incidents are contributed to mobile crane because outriggers are not set up properly
50%
added to outrigger pad if poor ground conditions exist
float
in general NFPA requires all sprinkler heads to have at least _PSI
7
to determine required flow QPM=
q=k multiplied by square root of P
the weight density of water is
62.4l lbs/ft^3
the approx value for determining the pressure exerted by a colum of water is
multiply each foot of rise by .433
hydrocarbons are classified into two types of
aliphatic and aromatic
aliphatic carbons are subdivided into saturdated and unsaturated compounds and include the alkanes;
methane, ethane, propane and butane
aromatic hydrocarbons are derivative of the parentcompound
benzene
are members of a calss of organic compounds in which an oxygen atom has bridged between two hydrocarbon groups. either highly volatile or extremely flammable.
ethers
what has the greatest flammability range
acetylne
examples of oxodizers
hydrogen peroxide, perchalorate, permamanganate, chromate, nitrate chrlorate.
ignite spontaneously when in contact with air.
pyrophiric materials
describes a violent reaction which occurs when two materials encounter each other.
hypergolic
is the process of decomposition in the presence of heat
pyrolisis
rapid burning fire which produces flame speed that travels slower than speed of sound
deflagration
_ have the highest KST rate (a measuremnt of inherent expolisve power) of all combustible metal dusts.
aluminum powders
to exinguish ordinary solid materials
type a extinguisher, water foam, dry chemical
to extinguish flammable liquids
foam c02 dry chemical halon type b extunguisher
to extinguish electrical equipemnt
type c; co2 and dry chemical halon
to extinguish combustible metals
special agents type d
dust explosion pentagon
ignition, dispersion of dust particles, combustible dust, oxygen in the air, confinement of dust cloud
what size of dust particles is critera for dust explosion
420 microns
predicts the ease and likilihood of igntion of a disperesed dust cloud
minimum ignition energy
measure the min amount of dust dispersed in the air required to spread an explosion
min explosive concentration
one method used to reduce possbility of fire hazard is use of an inerting gas to reduce the oxidizing agent concentration. the most important property of this gas is
heat capacity
Class I IA, IB & IC flash point
below 100, boiling below 100 & flash below 73, at or above 100 & below 73, at or above 73 and below 100
class II, class IIA, class IIB flash point
at or abov e 100 and below 140, at or above 140, at or above 140 and below 200, at or above 200
ordinary hazard distance to an exit with and without fire sprinkler protection is
200 and 400
storage of high hazard materials an exit shiuld be with and without fire protection
75 and 100
desinged to alarm when then temp of the operating element reaches a specified point
fixed temperature heat detector
designed to alamr when the temp of surrounding air reaches a predetermeined level regardless of rate of temp rise, element configuarion compensates for thermal lag
rate compensation
desinged to alarm when the rate of a temperature increase exceeds a predetemined value (usually 12 to 15 degrees per min) an ex of use would be on a pteroleum based hydaulic pump to prevent explosions
rate of rise
designed to keep the pressure in the system elevated to a specified level when the system is not in use so that the fire pump doesnt have to run all th etime
jockey pump
the national incident management system is the reponsibility of
deprtment of homeland security
under ICS the command staff positions include
safety officer, publinc information officer and liason officer
ICS is organized into three components
incident command, command staff and general staff positions
has the essential authority to terminate any operations deemned to be unsafe and even to override the authority of the IC to do so
safety officer
responisble for passing info regarding the incident to the public and media
public information officer
position is reponsible for interating and coordinate with other response entitites not represented
liason officer
individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substnace relase and who have been trained to iniate an emergency response sequence
awareness level
response to the relasees or potential relase of hazardous substance part of the intial response to the site for protecting nearby persons property or envionrment from the effects of the release. trained to respond in defenseive fashion without stopping release
operations level
they stop the release to plug patch or otherwise stop the relase of a hazardous substance
hazardous materials technican
a term that provides a relative estimate of the level of physical stress associated with a manual lifting tax
lifting index
support the hazardous materials techincans but require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. also act as site liason with federal, state, local and other govenment authorities
hazardous materials specialist
assume control of the incident beyond the first responder awareness level
on scen incident commander
personnel, not necessairly an employers employees who are skilled in the operation of certain equipment such as mechanized earth moving or digging equipment who are needed temporarilit to perofrm immediate emergency work who could be exposed to hazards at the emergency scence
skilled support personnel
employees who are in their regular duties work with and are trained in the hazards or specific hazardous substances and who will be called upon to provide tehchnical advice or assitance at a hazardous substance relase incident to invidula in charge
specialist employee
the epa has responsbility for protection of the public and the environment ffrom accidental chemical releases under
risk management program
does OSHA require an employer to submit their PSM program online
no
other major difference is RMP rule in epa is epas _ consquencues
off site consequence analysis for each covered process in order for facilty to determine worse release case scenario and their alternative release scenario
in threshold determination, osha lumped
all flammable liquids <100 Flash Point together and set their threshold at 10,000lbs.
EPA treats flammable liquids differently in that speicifc flammable liquids must be listed by
CAS numbers to be an extremely hazardous substance
an interactive process of exchance of information and opinion among individuals groups and instittuions. discussio about risk types and levels and about methoods for managing risks
risk communication
six traits of successful risk communicators
speaking ability, repuation (trustworthy & credible), SME, image of authortiy, lack of vested interest, ability to connect (empathy).
used to indicate a water flow, manual station actuation, fire detector activation, discharge of a system
alarm signals
used to indicate time critical input, such as guard cehck in, loss of water or agent pressure, valves in the wrong positon, exit light not funtioning
supervisory signal
used to indicate a fault in the system, shorted wiring, loss of signal, ground fault.
trouble signals
the test for chromium is
test in the urine at end if shift at end of workweek
a disorder resulting from a compression of nerves and blood vessels between clavicle and first and second ribs at the brachial plexus. it can be caused by typing keying, carrying heavy leads or keeping the head arms and shoulders in unnatural positons
thoractic oulet sysndrom
when pitot tube is connected to a manometer for ventialion measurements the inputs to the manometer are __ and _ and the outputs are_
TP and SP, outputs VP. tp=vp+sP
instrument of chouce where teh exhaust opening is large and the air velociites are low as in spray booths or chemical hoods (measuring air velocity).
swinging vane anemoter or velometer
useful for measuring the airflow through large supply and exhaust openings where air velocities are relatively high,
rotating vane anemoeter
in calibration of airflow instrucments a _ is considered a primary standard
spirometer
what measures persons accumulated radiation dose
pocket dosimeter in conjunction with a film badge
three measurements of radiation are
amount of radioactivity, ambient radiation levels and radiation dose
the guiding principle for radiation safety is
ALARA or as low as reasonably achieveable
a measure of energy deposited in tissues/matter and amount of charge from ion particles produced in air
Roentgen R
amount of abosorved energy deposited in tissue/matter
radiation absorved dose
biologically weighted absorved dose.important in case of internal exposure
REM
can occur from acute or chronic exposrues, affects the exposed body, may be months or years after exposurcan cause cancser
somatic
direct irradiation of developing fetus, results in death or deformity; physiological effects of radiation
teratogencic
which would be procedure used to determine effectivness of recently implemented controls for exposure reduction to benzene
urine tests after the work shift
the successful design of an exhaust hood depends on all three; in this order
rate of airflow through the hood; location of the hood and shape of the hood
what needs to be conducted if there is a sick building syndrome
health hazard evaluation HHE or similar evaluation by qualified IAQ
how many biosafety levels are there
4
biosafety level? agents not know to consistently cause disease in healthy audults
BSL 1
biosafety level ? agents associated with human disease, hazard is from precutaneous injury, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure
BSL 2
biosafety level ?; indigenous or exotic agents with potential for aersol transmission, diseases may have serious or lethal consquences
bsl 3
biosafety level? dangerous/exoitic agents with pose high risk of life threatening diseas; aerosol transmitted lab infections or related agents with unkown risk of transmission
bsl 4
most common type of cold induced injury/illness is
hypothermia, frost bite, trench foot
optimal heat body temp is?….is the body less capable of coping with heat loss than with heat gain
98.6 plus or minus 1.8; true
what are the two physioligcal adaption to cold stres
reducing blood cirucaltion; booosting body metablism thoruhg shivering
_ is the primary human response to preventing excessive exposure to cold stress
behavior; clothing insultaion, increasing activity, seeking warm locations.
hazards associated with cold stress are manifested in two distinct fashions
systemic (hypthermia) and local (localized tissue).
usally arises because of inadeqaute clothing during exposure to cold temps and high realative humudits;; reddending of skin accompanied by itching and swelling
chilblains
prolonged unprotocted exposures to cold temps above 32 degrees, whitening of skins pain or itching
frostnip
exposure to temps less than 32 degres; skin color white to gray to black; reduction in touching sensation and numbness
frostbite
body temp less than 95 degrees, chills euphoria, pain in extremities, slow and weak pulse, extreme expouser to cold stress; alxhol and drug use can conritbute;
hypothermia
severe itching and tingling similar to frostbite; swelling severe spasms, signs are blisters; respons to touch depends on depth of frezing; cause of exposre to cold above freezing and dampness
trench foot
fingers blanch with cold exposure; from exposure to cold and vibration
raynauds disorder
chills, restlesness, red face, erratice behavior collapse, shivering unconcsiouness, body temp greater than 104, excessice exposure to heat
heat stroke
fatigue, blurred vision, diziness, headache, high pulse rate, inseure gate, pale face, low blood pressure, body temp normal ; causes include dehydration, distribution of blood to the lower periphery
heat exhaustion
no early symptoms, faatigue weakness/dry mouth, excessive fluid loss caused by sweating, alcohol consumption
dehydration
brief fainting blurred vision, fainting, normal body temp, ; causes because of pooling of blood in legs and skin from prolonged static posture and heat exposure
heat syncope
incapcicapating pain in muscles, painful muslce cramps especially in adominal or fatigued muscles, electrolyrte imbalance caused by porlonged sweating without fluids
heat cramps
involve the systematic measurement of the physical properities of the human body, body size and shape. plays important in industrial design clothing desing
anthropometry
scientific study of human or non-human body movement. addresses physiological, biomechiacnal and physological mechanisms of movement
kinesiology
focus on how organisms, organ systems organ cells and mimolecules carry out the chemical or phyiscal ufunctions that exists in a living syhstem
physiology
substances capable of damaging the liver are called
hepatotoxins
main function of the kidneyss is
filter blood and waste
toxins that damage kidneys; most heavy metals fall into this category; mercury, arsenic, lithium
nephrotoxin
substances capable of producing blood disorders
hematoxins
chemicals that affect bone marrow
arsenic, bromine, methyl chorloide benzene
chemicals that affect platelets
aspirin, benzene and tetrachlorotheane
chemicals that cause instant tearing at low concentrations
lacrimators
tranmissable TSE of mule deer, white tailed deer, elk or moose. chronic weight loss leading to death
chronic waste disease
affects the fingers and hands, symptoms include numbness, tingling, ashen skin, loss of feeling and control, from exposure to vibration = operation of chain saw, pnumatic hammer, gasoline powered tools
raynauds syndrome (white finger)
common in meat packing, core making or poulty operations, affets hands/wrists. symptoms include; pain, swelling,
tenosynovitis
affects thumbs and includes pain at the base of the thumb, butchers, housekeepers, packers, seamstresses
DE Queravians disease
any activity which decreases or prevents the creation of waste or which decreases toxiity of the waste stream without treatment
source reduction
the reduction, to the extent feasible, of hazardous waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored or disposed. inlcudes any source reduction o rrecylcing activity
waste minimization
used by the EPA, means source reduction.
pollution prevention
any activity which decreases the amount of waste materials that require waste management efforts.
wast reduction
process by which clumps of solids in water or sewege aggregated through biolgical or chemical action so they can be separate from water or sewage
flocculation
remove or seperate a portion of the water in a sludge or slurry to dry the sludge so it can be handled and diosposed of
dewater
decrasing the acidity or akilinity of a substance by adding alkaline or acidic materails
netrualiztiaon
a checmical or pyhsical process that kills pathogenic organism in water ,air or on surfaces.
disinfection
in which a process waste is conveted throuhg closed systems to tank storage and then recycled in tanks before returning reprocessed material to production sssystem
closed loop recycling
either the destruction of waste (for ex incineration, energy recover) or putting it in the ground
disposal
fraction of feed-stock used in manufacturing a material which is derived from wastes captured during or just after the manufacturing process
pre consumer recycled content
desinged for new construction office buildings where buildings can earn points for satisfiying environmental impaces inherent in the design, construction and operations/mgmt of buulding.
LEED
LEED has six environmetnal principles
sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy/atmosphere, materils/resources, indoor environemtnal air quality and innovation/design. SWEMii
flanges can increase velocity and decrease flow rate by
25%
wide varierty of paramerts affect atompsheric dispersion of toxix materials
wind speed, atmospheric stability, ground conditons, buildings, water, trees, height of release above ground level, momentum and boyancy of material released
most commenly cited violation National safety counciln accidetn prevention mantual for administariton and programs for envionemental
mislableing of chemicals and hazardous waste
soil column is classified by
particle size
operations for enivironmetnal spill response include
planing, PPE, mitigation and decontamination
acronym for the use of technology to control environmenteal impacts without causing an organization financial hardship
EVABAT “ ecnomic viable application of best available technology
PCBS are found in
transformers capacitors flurescent light ballasts
any activity which decreases or prevents the creation of waste or which decrease the toxicity of the waste stream without treatment
oxidation reductions
which colors are on a corrosive placard
black and white
un agency that impacts international hazardous waste transportation
IMO
system life cycle phases included
concept, development, operation disposal
most prevalent for solvent recovery because ease of separation means, common for waste oil which more common on larger scale
distillition
common for vapor phased solvent recovery and for low concentration aqueos stream
carbon adsorption
low pressure membrane separation process, applicable to coolant mixtures. resulting from metal waste streams inorganic wastes,
ultrafiltration
does operation level in emergency response try to stop the release
no they respond in defensive way. contain release from safe distance
to identify hazardous conditions, assess their risk, and establish effect risk control measures is primary function of
loss control system
