Risk management Flashcards
a study method that requires multidisciplinary team, guided by an experienced leader and uses specific guide words such as no, increase, decrease, reverse that are systematically applied to parameters i.e. pressure flow, temperature, to identify consequences of deviation.
HAZOP
loss ratio
losses/exp mod*premium
cost to benefit ratio
cost/net benefit
probability of another accident (fork trucks)
fork truck accidents/# of total accidents
blank are signals preceding behaviors
activators
major hazardous air pollutants must use_ to reduce their emissions
maximum achieavable control technology MACT
promotes a mgmt review the intent of which is to achieve acceptable risk levels
as low as reasonably practicable ALARP
making everything reasonabl effort to maintain exposures to ionzing radiation as far beow the dose limit as practical
as low as reasonably achieve bale ALARA
this level of control is required for new criteria pollutant sources in the attainment areas. defined in the permitting process
best available contorl technology BACT
a_ is often the first step of a system reliability study. it involves reviewing as many components, assemblies and subsystems as possible and their causes and effects. can be qualitative and quantitative. it is inductive reasoning single point failure analysis.
FMEA
3 fundamental steps for ABC analysis
analyze the at risk behavior, analyze the safe behavior an draft the action plan
the strongest behavior consequences are
soon certain and positive
the transmission of multiple singles on a single path
multiplexing
dividing the channel bandiwtch into bands allocating a band to each system requiring the use of the channel for the transmission of signals.
frequency division multiplexing
the information is discrete in time therefore transmission scheme can provide rest periods between transmission. simpler cheaper form of multiplexing however only accesses one device at a a time
time division multiplexing
an example of chain of custody
taking photos, making notes, lighting, date/time, describing angles that photo was taken, any info important later in the process
the product conforms to the European union health safety and environmental protection standards
CE marking
who is the RSPA
research and special program administration. published performance standards HM181 for construction of packaging for transporting hazards materils
All certified hazardous materials packing must bear the what symbol
United Nations UN
the package identification code for UN symbol designates what three things
type of packaging, material of construction and when appropriate, and category of packaging
placed around a noise source to prevent noise from getting outside. normally lined with sound abortion material to decrease internal sound pressure buildup.,
enclosures
equipment used from preventing an employee from reaching a fall point such as an edge or the edge of an elevated working surface.
fall restraint systems
4 elements ABCDS of fall arrest are
anchorage, body wear, connector, deceleration device
GHS signal words indicating relative degree of severity of a hazard
danger and warning. danger more severe, warning less severe
a liquid which even in small quantities is liable to ignite within five minutes after contact with air
pyrophoric liquid
in confined space, process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the releaste of energy and material into the space by such means as blanking or blinding, misalinign or removing sections of lines, double block bleed system,
isolation
closer of a line duct or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closes valves
double block and bleed
means the absolute closer of a pipe, line or duct by fastening of a solid plate that completely covers the bore and can withstand the max pressure of the pipe line or duct with no lekage beyond the plate
blanking or blinding
intentional opening of a pipe, line or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive or toxic material, an inert gas or any fluid at a volume pressure or temp capable of causing injury.
line breaking
displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas such a nitrogren to such an extent that the resulting atmospher is noncombustible. this producues IDLH oxygen defecient atmosphere.
inerting
hazardous atmosphere for oxygen
concentration below 19.5% and above 23.5%
hazardous atmosphere for dust and gas,vapors and mists
5 feet visual for dust or meets/exceeds its LFL. gas/vapors/mists= excess of 10% of its LFL
three traditional levels of warnings
danger, warning, caution. danger is immediate hazard sever injury/death, warning is for unsafe practices or hazards that could cause severe injury/death, and caution=result in minory injury, product damage or property damage
means that a portion of a tags inscription that is more specific than the signal word an that indicates the specific hazardous condition or an instruction to be communicated to the employees i.e high voltage, close clearance do not start
major message
portion of a tags inscription that contains the word or words that are intended to capture the employees immediate atttention
signal word
any action which reduces the losses incurred. i.e. reducing amount burned, or number of persons injured or by reducing oerational loss
loss reduction
4 steps of an effective loss prevention program
problem identification, selection of corrective measurees, implenation and feedback and control
a non destructive tension test performed by sling manufacture or equivalent entity to verify construction and workmanship of sling
non destructive testing
hood construction for perchloric acid (chemical plating and incendiary fireworks)
stainless steel with rounded corners all welded construction
LASER Stands for
light amlification by stiumulated emission of radiation
most common cause of laser induced tissue damge
thermal
ansi standard for lasers
Ansi z136.1
the blank published standards on laser safety
international electro technical commision IEC
lasers emits visible light and are limited to maximum output power of 1 milliwatt. can be protected from injury from natural blink reflex of turning the head
class 2 lasers
lasers have an output power greathern than 500mW milliwatt can cause injyr to both the eye and skin and will be a fire hazard
class 4 laser
lasers have an ouput power that is below the level at which eye injury can occur
class 1
lasers have an output power up to 500mW sufficent to cause an eye injyury. cannot cause skin inury. severity of eye injury will depeond on factures including the laser power entering the eye and exposure duration
class 3b lasers
lasers have a max power of 5mW. limits power of entering a dilated human eye. Hazardous when viewed with binoculars
laser 3a
tag attachments for loto must be non reusable and non releasble with a minum unlocking stenght of
50lbs
most common type of hyroxide bases is. can cause considerable heat when mixed with water or solvents
sodium hydroxide
metal carbonates react with acids to product
salt, water and carbon dioxide
involves sorption of the chemical into the surface of the material through diffusion through the material and desorption on the opposite side
permeation
process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semiperamble membrane from less concentrated solution into a more concentrade one thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane
osmosis
movement cause within a fluid (gas or liquid) by the tendence of hotter and therefore less dense materails to rise and colder denser materals to sink under influence of gravity which consqeuntly results in the transfer of heat
convection
physical changes to material caused by chemical which can include swelling stifenning wrinking changes in color and other pyhiscla deterioriation
degradation
maximum use concentration for respirators is calculated by
APF * PEL
upper limit at which the class of respirator is expectedto provide protection
maximum use concentration
employers shall certify that they have evaluated compliance with the provisions of the psm std everyt. compliance audits must be kept?
3 years. 2 of most recent must be kept
all process hazard analysis must be updated every
5 years
PSM incident reports must be retained for _years and must be initiated _following an incident
5 years, 48 hours
psm refresher safety training should occur
ever 3 yrs
____analysis is a top-down, deductive failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using Boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events. It is a deductive procedure used to determine the various combinations of hardware and software failures and human errors that could cause undesired events (referred to as top events) at the system level.
fault tree anaylsis
the _ gate (looks like a D) indicates the output occurs if all the input events are present
and
the _ gate (looks like a cresent) indicates the output occurs if at least once of the input events is present
or
two of the more common detailed design analysis techniques are
petri net and software-fault tree or soft tree analysis
important for safety critical systems. useful in finding software faults. nasa uses this and airforce. two trees are linked at their interfaces so that the enitire system can be anaylzed.
software fault tree soft tree analysis
analysis of cut sets is a technique that identifes single point and multiple case failures in a software system
soft tree
file transfer protocol
hyper text transfer protocol HTTP
set of protocols that make telenet, FTP email and other services possible among computers that dont belong to the same network
TCP IP
language used for web publishing
HTML hyper text markup language
the global address of documents and other resources on the world wide webe
URL uniform resource locator
it is a standarized application language for relational databases that is used to enter data into a database modify data delete dat and retrieve data
SQL structured query language
set of technology standards and technical specifcations that enable info to be routed from one network to another over the internet
IP internet protocol
extends across a apublic netowkr or internet. enables users to send and recieve data acorss shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network
VPN
software application for retreving presenting and traersing information resources on the world wide web
web browser
an _ is identified by a uniform resource identifier and may be a web page, image, vidoe or other piece of content
information resource
most common computer networks are
peer to peer and client server
network that has three to 5 users, they can share printers, scanners, fax machines
peer to peer network
common means of making information available to multiple users
local area networks. LAN technology is ethernet
what do particulate respirators do
capture dust, mist and fumes
use chemical filters called cartridges or canisters to remove dangerous gases or vapors.
gas and vapor respirators
is one of the leading causes of boom failure
side loading
side load can occur when
load is dragged or pulled sideways, load swings rapidly, when crane is not level, exposed to high winds. tilt up construction can cause this to.
occurs when a load is quickly jerked in any direction or if it is allowed to free-fall before the rigging catches it.
shock loading. causes= rapid acceleration, sudden stopping suddden load release
at least what % of crane incidents are contributed to mobile crane because outriggers are not set up properly
50%
added to outrigger pad if poor ground conditions exist
float
in general NFPA requires all sprinkler heads to have at least _PSI
7
to determine required flow QPM=
q=k multiplied by square root of P
the weight density of water is
62.4l lbs/ft^3