Risk Factors: Smoking

Question 1

How much more likely is a smoker to develop periodontitis than a non smoker?

Answer 1

2.5 - 6 X

Question 2

How do the chemicals in tobacco influence cellular activity?

Answer 2

Tissue turnover
Healing and wound repair
Immunological activity
Inflammatory cell activity

Question 3

How does smoking lead to periodontal disease?

Answer 3

1. Neutrophils: reduction in neutrophil number reducing phagocytosis of pathogens
2. Vasoconstriction (results in masking in bleeding)
3. Impaired healing: smoking reduces the inflammatory response and vasculature

Question 4

what clinical features can be seen in smokers with periodontitis?

Answer 4

Increased keratinisation of the gingiva
Less BOP
Less gingival inflammation
Increased probing depths
Increased loss of attachment
Increased bone loss

Question 5

What does a dentist need to consider when treating a smoker?

Answer 5

Smoking Cessation Advice
Reduction in response to treatment
Dose dependant relationship
Increased rate of tooth loss
Staining, bad breath