Risk Factors for Periodontal Diseases Flashcards
what are some genetic conditions associated with impairment of immune system
papillon lefevre syndrome
downs syndrome
chronic granulomatous disease
what are some diseases leading to impairment of immune system
leukaemia
agranulocytosis
neutropenia
HIV
what are the local risk factors
plaque, calculus, overhanging restorations, ortho appliances
malpositioned teeth, concavities and furcations
what are the systemic risk factors
ageing, genetic factors, downs, papillon lefevre, smoking, diabetes, HIV, leukaemia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, stress, medications
what can occlusal trauma cause
bone loss but not periodontitis
how does smoking relate to periodontal disease
has effect on oral microbiota
increases the activation of the immune system
causes decreased healing capacity due to reduced blood flow
how is sub-optimally controlled diabetes related to periodontal disease
hyperglycaemia modulates RANKL:OPG ratio so it contributes to alveolar bone destruction
hyperglycaemia produces AGE which exacerbates the immune system
how is sub-optimally controlled diabetes related to periodontal disease
hyperglycaemia modulates RANKL:OPG ratio so it contributes to alveolar bone destruction
hyperglycaemia produces AGE which exacerbates the immune system
what do you measure to monitor diabetes
HbA1c
what are the important factors of diabetes contributing to periodontal diseases
degree of diabetic control - HbA1c
age of onset
duration of disease
how is obesity related to periodontal diseases
adipocytes secrete immunologically active molecules causing a proinflammatory effect
how do lack of nutrients contribute to periodontal diseases
decreases the immune system
what drugs contribute to periodontal disease
anticonvulsants - phenytoin
immunosupressants - cyclosporin
calcium channel blockers - nifedipine
how do drugs contribute to periodontal disease
interaction between drug and host fibroblasts resulting in increased deposition of connective tissue supporting hyperproliferative epithelium
what causes gingival hyperplasia
more fibroblasts
what causes gingival swelling
more intercellular fluid and increased permeabilisation of vessels
what systemic diseases has periodontitis as a symptom
papillon lefevre
downs
ehlers danlos
what acquired systemic diseases and syndromes contribute to periodontal disease
HIV
scurvy
pregnancy
how does stress contribute to periodontal disease
hypothalamus stimulated during stress which secretes cortisol which can stimulate immune system
autonomic nervous system stimulated too which regulates inflammatory response
why is it difficult to document cause and effect association between CV diseases and periodontitis
they have the same risk factors and mechanisms associated with systemic inflammation and activation of immune system
how could periodontitis play a role in CV diseases
activation of cells in immune system which then play significant role in sites of CV pathologies
what is the indirect mechanism for periodontitis initiating preeclampsia
activation of the immune system
how does periodontitis affect diabetes
periodontal bacteria and their products enter circulation and contribute to upregulated systemic inflammation leading to impaired insulin signalling and insulin resistance
how does periodontitis affect rheumatoid arthritis
activation of immune system
