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Periodontology BDS3 > Risk Factors for Periodontal Diseases > Flashcards

Risk Factors for Periodontal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are some genetic conditions associated with impairment of immune system

A

papillon lefevre syndrome
downs syndrome
chronic granulomatous disease

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2
Q

what are some diseases leading to impairment of immune system

A

leukaemia
agranulocytosis
neutropenia
HIV

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3
Q

what are the local risk factors

A

plaque, calculus, overhanging restorations, ortho appliances
malpositioned teeth, concavities and furcations

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4
Q

what are the systemic risk factors

A

ageing, genetic factors, downs, papillon lefevre, smoking, diabetes, HIV, leukaemia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, stress, medications

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5
Q

what can occlusal trauma cause

A

bone loss but not periodontitis

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6
Q

how does smoking relate to periodontal disease

A

has effect on oral microbiota
increases the activation of the immune system
causes decreased healing capacity due to reduced blood flow

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7
Q

how is sub-optimally controlled diabetes related to periodontal disease

A

hyperglycaemia modulates RANKL:OPG ratio so it contributes to alveolar bone destruction
hyperglycaemia produces AGE which exacerbates the immune system

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8
Q

how is sub-optimally controlled diabetes related to periodontal disease

A

hyperglycaemia modulates RANKL:OPG ratio so it contributes to alveolar bone destruction
hyperglycaemia produces AGE which exacerbates the immune system

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9
Q

what do you measure to monitor diabetes

A

HbA1c

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10
Q

what are the important factors of diabetes contributing to periodontal diseases

A

degree of diabetic control - HbA1c
age of onset
duration of disease

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11
Q

how is obesity related to periodontal diseases

A

adipocytes secrete immunologically active molecules causing a proinflammatory effect

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12
Q

how do lack of nutrients contribute to periodontal diseases

A

decreases the immune system

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13
Q

what drugs contribute to periodontal disease

A

anticonvulsants - phenytoin
immunosupressants - cyclosporin
calcium channel blockers - nifedipine

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14
Q

how do drugs contribute to periodontal disease

A

interaction between drug and host fibroblasts resulting in increased deposition of connective tissue supporting hyperproliferative epithelium

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15
Q

what causes gingival hyperplasia

A

more fibroblasts

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16
Q

what causes gingival swelling

A

more intercellular fluid and increased permeabilisation of vessels

17
Q

what systemic diseases has periodontitis as a symptom

A

papillon lefevre
downs
ehlers danlos

18
Q

what acquired systemic diseases and syndromes contribute to periodontal disease

A

HIV
scurvy
pregnancy

19
Q

how does stress contribute to periodontal disease

A

hypothalamus stimulated during stress which secretes cortisol which can stimulate immune system
autonomic nervous system stimulated too which regulates inflammatory response

20
Q

why is it difficult to document cause and effect association between CV diseases and periodontitis

A

they have the same risk factors and mechanisms associated with systemic inflammation and activation of immune system

21
Q

how could periodontitis play a role in CV diseases

A

activation of cells in immune system which then play significant role in sites of CV pathologies

22
Q

what is the indirect mechanism for periodontitis initiating preeclampsia

A

activation of the immune system

23
Q

how does periodontitis affect diabetes

A

periodontal bacteria and their products enter circulation and contribute to upregulated systemic inflammation leading to impaired insulin signalling and insulin resistance

24
Q

how does periodontitis affect rheumatoid arthritis

A

activation of immune system

25
Q

how is periodontitis a risk factor for alzheimers disease

A

activation of immune system
increased production of plaques and tangles

26
Q

how is periodontal disease linked to respiratory disease

A

periodontal bacteria debilitate immune protection of respiratory epithelium making colonisation by other respiratory viruses and bacteria easier

27
Q

what diseases can periodontitis affect

A

atherosclerosis
hypertension
preeclampsia
diabetes
rheumatoid arthritis
alzheimers
respiratory diseases

Periodontology BDS3 (7 decks)

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