Risk factors Flashcards
What makes one person more likely to become addicted than another?
Vunerability
What are the 4 factors that can increase addiction?
Age
Personality
Peers
Stress
Stress: what is stress split up into?
everyday stress
traumatic stress
Stress: what is everyday stress?
people report that drink, smoke, drugs and gamble as a means of coping with daily hassles. These stressors may contribute to the initiation and continuation of addictions
Stress: what is traumatic stress?
people who are exposed to severe stress are more vulnerable to addictions.
Stress: What are the 3 evaluation points of stress?
individual differences
bad science
does smoking decrease stress?
Stress:
evaluation
What is the individual differences evaluation for stress?
stress may cause vulnerability in some but not all people. For example, there are 2 types of alcoholics, one drinks to relieve tension and the other boredom but only one become addicted. Showing a vulnerability in some.
Stress:
evaluation
What is the bad science evaluation point of stress?
Research has found that gambling has its benefits as it reduces cortisol levels because gamblers are so wrapped up in the game they forget about external influences and stresses. However, this research is unreliable as the original source cannot be identified, reducing it’s validity and reliability.
Stress:
evaluation
explain the does smoking decrease stress evaluation point
Smoking actually increases stress levels, but the addiction itself doesn’t have the desired effect. It can be argued that the action of taking another cigarette is stress reducing.
Peers:
What are the 2 sections in peer factor?
Social learning theory
Social identity theory
Peers:
What is social learning theory?
Behaviours are learned through observation of others and hence model this behaviour.
Peers:
What is social identity theory?
Group members adopt these norms and behaviours that are central to the social identity of the group.
Peers:
Evaluation
What is the evaluation of social learning theory?
Research supports that exposure to peer models increases the likelihood that teenagers will begin smoking. There is also research that perceived rewards are important in adolescents beginning smoking.
Peers:
Evaluation
What is the evaluation for social indentity theory?
There is evidence to support the claim that adolscents are motivated to begin smoking because of the stereotypes they hold of crowds. Little is known about the extent to which these groups influence their members. Nor do we know the extent these norms affect peoples behaviour when it concerns the lifestyle of the individual.
how does age have an impact on addiction?
social crowd has an impact on addictive behaviour on young adolescents with best friends and romantic partners having a bigger impact in later yeats
