Interventions Flashcards
BIOLOGICAL:
Methadone
A man made drug which mimics the effects of heroin, it produces feelings of euphoria and is less addictive. The person is first prescribed slowly increasing amounts of methadone to increase tolerance and decrease heroin use. When the heroin is completely withdrawn, methadone is decreased until the addict needs neither.
BIOLOGICAL:
Methadone-evaluation
It can be as addictive as heroin for some, thus substituting one addiction for another. Reduces effectiveness
It can have side effects and can be abused too with 300 deaths from methadone. Reduces effectiveness
The consumption is often unsupervised and some addicts can sell on their prescription illegally. Reducing effectiveness because the correct person is not taking it.
However, it is most effective when combined with CBT, the methadone stabilises the addiction so people can take part in CBT.
BIOLOGICAL:
SSRI’s
These increase the amount of neurotransmitters so the addiction doesn’t have to. A study on gambler showed that those treated with SRRI’s had a significant improvement on control of gambling behaviour.
Naltrexone works by blocking dopamine receptors, thus reducing the rewarding and reinforcing properties of gambling and hence the urge to gamble.
BIOLOGICAL:
SSRI’s-evaluation
The study only had a small sample ,lacking population validity. A larger study failed to show any difference between SRRI treatment and a placebo casting doubt on the validity of SRRI treatment.
Another study found a decrease in gambling behaviour after 6 weeks of treatment with naltrexone. Improving its effectiveness.
PSYCHOLOGICAL:
Use of rewards
Operant conditioning
A study investigated whether giving money as a reward would produce better patient outcomes for those on methadone treatment. Drug use dropped for those in the reward condition with urine samples being 60% higher negatively in the non-reward group.
PSYCHOLOGICAL:
use of rewards-evaluation
These principles are reductionist and so may not take into account more complex factors, making it less effective.
It only treats the symptoms and does little to tackle the underlying addiction. This increases the risk of the addict engaging in another addictive behaviour.
The tax payer would disagree.
PSYCHOLOGICAL:
CBT
Change thinking patterns about these addictions. It teaches about other ways to cope in situations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL:
CBT-evaluation
Lots of scientific evidence to support its effectiveness.
86% of participants no longer fulfilled the criteria for pathological gambling after added to CBT group. Showing its effectiveness.
CBT requires qualified therapists and so is expensive.
PUBLIC HEALTH:
Quitline
Telephone quitting service
A meta-analysis showed that people who received repeated telephone calls increased their odds of stopping smoking by 60%. Improved effectiveness.
PUBLIC HEALTH:
Quitline-evaluation
A study of veterans , 46% had stopped by their agreed quit date. Showing effectiveness. 9 out of 11, continued to stop in the future too.
PUBLIC HEALTH:
NIDA:
Intervention study.
Combination of individual and group counselling.
Learn how to stages of recovery, recognise and change distorted thinking and learn how to avoid drug triggers.
Treatment reduced from an average of 10 days per month to 3.
Group drug counselling and individual counselling most effective.
PUBLIC HEALTH:
NIDA-evaluation
A reduction in HIV risk through reduction in frequency of unprotected sex. Increasing effectiveness.
