risk factors Flashcards
what is a risk factor
can be defined as a condition, behaviour, or other factor that increases the risk of injury
typically a part of a set of other factors that together increase risk
how to assess risk factors
complex - most factors don’t act in isolation)
part of a collection of other factors that increase the chance of injury
what are the two types of hamstring injury
sprint related and stretch related
what is a sprint related hamstring strain
occurs during the late swing phase right before foot strike (eccentric contraction) or during the early stance phase (high ground reaction forces)
biceps femoris
what is a stretch related hamstring strain
occurs during extensive hip flexion with an extended knee (violent stretch of the muscle)
semimembranosus
what are the risk factors for hamstring strains
leading factor = previous injury
older age, reduced hip ROM, poor hamstring strength, superior running speed, low back pain, muscle fatigue, insufficient, level of play, changes in training program
what are the risk factors for an ankle sprain
leading factor = previous injury
Limited dorsiflexion ROM, reduced proprioception, deficiencies in balance (single leg), female, lower BMI, decreased peroneal reaction time, pivoting sport
what are the risk factors for knee ligament injuries
leading factor = previous injury
previous injury is the leading risk factors, females have 2-5x higher risk for knee ligament injuries, high knee abduction moments during landing / cutting, stiff landings, landing with heel strike, weak hip abductor strength, poor core stability, high friction surfaces
what is etiology
the cause, set of causes or manner of causation of a disease or condition
what is the idea behind the complex system model for sport injuries
risk profile should be continuously assessed throughout pre season and in season
what is risk management
overall process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks
what are the different levels of risk management
upper levels (policy and admin)
team / club level
individual level
what is involved in risk identification and assessment
identification = reviewing literature (typical injuries and reports from previous seasons)
assessment = what are the incidence rates, injury types, injury patterns, injury mechanisms, potential risk factors in the target group
what is a risk matrix
tool for risk assessment
what injuries are rare, unlikely, moderately likely, or almost certain to occur within a group within a season
