mechanisms of sport injuries Flashcards
acute vs overuse injury
acute = sudden onset (direct, indirect, non contact)
overuse = repetitive - gradual or sudden onset
what are the 8 ways to collect data on injury mechanisms
interviews
clinical studies
video analysis
lab motion analyses
injuries during biomech experiments
cadaver studies
dummies / physical models
math modelling and simulation of injury situations
interviews for data collection
one of the most common
easy to obtain data
limitations = recall bias
clinical studies for data collection
analyse pathology of injury and associated damage
descriptions of joint pathology
limitations = joint biomech data alone is not enough to inform prevention strategies
video analyses for data collection
more reliable at analysing injury mechanism than athlete interviews
limitations = often poor video quality, describes playing situation not detailed biomech
lab motion analyses for data collection
can estimate kinematics with greater precision than is possible from analysing video recordings
designed to mimic injury situations
injuries during biomech experiments for data collection
accidental sports injuries during experiments give a detailed biomech description of injury
cadaver studies for data collection
important to understand anatomy and function of joints and ligaments
limitation = not representative of athletic population, freezing process alters physical properties
physical models for data collection
car crash and protective equipment testing
limitations = passive, limited types of injuries
math modelling and simulations for data collection
models can take into account whole body or one joint
what are the common playing situations for ACL injuries
pressing during defensive play
regaining balance during landings (after kicking or landing)
what is the common mechanism of ACL injury
single leg landing
relatively straight knee
knee valgus mvmt
what are common head injury mechanisms in alpine sports
impact snow with skis first, then upper/lower extremities, then pelvis, back, and finally the head
many experienced 2 or more head injuries
what are the common lateral ankle sprain mechanisms
sudden inversion and internal rotation
landing without neutral ankle orientation
centre of pressure shifting laterally
why do we care about mechanisms
valuable info for athletes, coaches, organisers, course builders, helmet and other safety equipment developers
