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Block 2 Exam 2 > Risk/contributing factors > Flashcards

Risk/contributing factors Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney disorders (in general)

A

Age
BPH
DM
HTN
Immobilization
Parkinson’s
Pregnancy
Radiation
Sickle cell disease
Spinal injury

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2
Q

AKI

A

Pre renal: hypovolemia, reduced CO, vasodilation

Intra renal: ischemia, nephrotoxins, infection

Post renal: UT obstruction

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3
Q

CKD

A

DM and HTN top 2
Glomerulonephritis, infection, obstruction, hereditary, vascular disorders, meds and toxic agents

Also: older

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4
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, structural issues, infection, meds

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5
Q

Sinus brady

A

Vagal, BB, CCB, high ICP, CAD, HF, conditioning (athletes)

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6
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

Stress, exercise
Meds
Low or high BP
DM
Thyroid

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7
Q

A fib

A

HTN, DM
Heart disease
MI
Obesity
Age

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Smoke, HTN, HLD
Leads to inflammation with macrophages

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9
Q

CAD

A

Modifiable: smoke, HTN, DM, obesity, physical activity, CKD

Non modifiable: family hx, age, gender, race, primary HLD

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10
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Rheumatic fever

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11
Q

Heart infection

A

Surgery, catheters
IV druggies
Rheumatic fever from strep throat

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12
Q

Lower UTI

A

Urethrovesical reflux
Infrequent emptying
Bacteria
Older
Female (short urethra, menopause, pregnancy)

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13
Q

CAUTI

A

Improper insertion
Infrequent emptying
Bacteria from BM
Irregular cleaning
Backup
Remove ASAP

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14
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Structural
BPH
Reflux
Bad immune system
Pregnant
DM

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15
Q

Urolithiasis

A

High calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid
Stasis

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16
Q

Bladder cancer

A

Smoking
Age

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17
Q

Urinary diversion

A

Cancer, defect, trauma, stricture, neurogenic, chronic infection, incontinence

18
Q

BPH

A

Over 40 yo
Smoking, alcohol, obesity, sedentary, HTN, heart disease

19
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Older
Family hx
African American
High fat and red meat

20
Q

HF

A

Older, male, Af Am or Hispanic
Smoke, obese, cocaine, ETOH, bad diet, sedentary

21
Q

HF secondary to…

A

DM
CAD
HTN
CM
Valve problems

22
Q

HFrEF

A

CAD
Volume overload: DCM, valve regurgitation
Increase after load: stenosis
Arrhythmia

23
Q

HFpEF

A

HCM
RCM
Myocardial fibrosis (perhaps from MI)
Pericardial constriction (pericarditis)

24
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

MI, HF, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, CM, arrhythmias

25
Q

Thromboembolism

A

Decreased mobility and circulation in patients with cardiac problems
Afib

Virchow triad: endothelial damage, venous stasis, and altered coagulation

26
Q

Atherosclerosis and PAD

A

Age and family hx
Smoke
DM
HTN
HLD
Diet
Stress
Sedentary
CRP
Hyperhomocysteinemia

27
Q

Aneurysm

A

HTN, older, smoke, male

28
Q

Raynaud’s

A

Young gals
Cold and stress

29
Q

HF comorbidities

A

Obese, CAD, DM, HLD, afib

30
Q

DM 1

A

Early onset
Familial, genetic
Immunologic and environmental

31
Q

DM 2

A

Obese
Over 30
HTN
Cholesterol
History of gestational DM

32
Q

Gestational DM

A

Obese
Previous GD
Family hx
Minorities

33
Q

HHS

A

DM 1 and 2
Elderly
Stress
Infection
HD and thiazides

34
Q

SIADH

A

Lung disorders
Cancer cells
CNS injury

35
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Older women
Autoimmune (Hashimoto)
Atrophy of thyroid with aging
Diseases
Low iodine
Meds like lithium
131 I, thyroidectomy
Radiation to head and neck for cancer treatment

36
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Graves
Women

37
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Gals less than 50 yo
Smoke, stress, sedentary, bad diet

38
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Older gals

39
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Abnormal development
Destruction
Low vitamin D

40
Q

Cushing

A

Steroid therapy or over activity of gland

41
Q

HCM

A

Youngsters

Block 2 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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