Risk/contributing factors Flashcards
Kidney disorders (in general)
Age
BPH
DM
HTN
Immobilization
Parkinson’s
Pregnancy
Radiation
Sickle cell disease
Spinal injury
AKI
Pre renal: hypovolemia, reduced CO, vasodilation
Intra renal: ischemia, nephrotoxins, infection
Post renal: UT obstruction
CKD
DM and HTN top 2
Glomerulonephritis, infection, obstruction, hereditary, vascular disorders, meds and toxic agents
Also: older
Arrhythmia
Heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, structural issues, infection, meds
Sinus brady
Vagal, BB, CCB, high ICP, CAD, HF, conditioning (athletes)
Sinus tachycardia
Stress, exercise
Meds
Low or high BP
DM
Thyroid
A fib
HTN, DM
Heart disease
MI
Obesity
Age
Atherosclerosis
Smoke, HTN, HLD
Leads to inflammation with macrophages
CAD
Modifiable: smoke, HTN, DM, obesity, physical activity, CKD
Non modifiable: family hx, age, gender, race, primary HLD
Mitral regurgitation
Rheumatic fever
Heart infection
Surgery, catheters
IV druggies
Rheumatic fever from strep throat
Lower UTI
Urethrovesical reflux
Infrequent emptying
Bacteria
Older
Female (short urethra, menopause, pregnancy)
CAUTI
Improper insertion
Infrequent emptying
Bacteria from BM
Irregular cleaning
Backup
Remove ASAP
Pyelonephritis
Structural
BPH
Reflux
Bad immune system
Pregnant
DM
Urolithiasis
High calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid
Stasis
Bladder cancer
Smoking
Age
Urinary diversion
Cancer, defect, trauma, stricture, neurogenic, chronic infection, incontinence
BPH
Over 40 yo
Smoking, alcohol, obesity, sedentary, HTN, heart disease
Prostate cancer
Older
Family hx
African American
High fat and red meat
HF
Older, male, Af Am or Hispanic
Smoke, obese, cocaine, ETOH, bad diet, sedentary
HF secondary to…
DM
CAD
HTN
CM
Valve problems
HFrEF
CAD
Volume overload: DCM, valve regurgitation
Increase after load: stenosis
Arrhythmia
HFpEF
HCM
RCM
Myocardial fibrosis (perhaps from MI)
Pericardial constriction (pericarditis)
Cardiogenic shock
MI, HF, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, CM, arrhythmias
Thromboembolism
Decreased mobility and circulation in patients with cardiac problems
Afib
Virchow triad: endothelial damage, venous stasis, and altered coagulation
Atherosclerosis and PAD
Age and family hx
Smoke
DM
HTN
HLD
Diet
Stress
Sedentary
CRP
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Aneurysm
HTN, older, smoke, male
Raynaud’s
Young gals
Cold and stress
HF comorbidities
Obese, CAD, DM, HLD, afib
DM 1
Early onset
Familial, genetic
Immunologic and environmental
DM 2
Obese
Over 30
HTN
Cholesterol
History of gestational DM
Gestational DM
Obese
Previous GD
Family hx
Minorities
HHS
DM 1 and 2
Elderly
Stress
Infection
HD and thiazides
SIADH
Lung disorders
Cancer cells
CNS injury
Hypothyroidism
Older women
Autoimmune (Hashimoto)
Atrophy of thyroid with aging
Diseases
Low iodine
Meds like lithium
131 I, thyroidectomy
Radiation to head and neck for cancer treatment
Hyperthyroidism
Graves
Women
Thyroid cancer
Gals less than 50 yo
Smoke, stress, sedentary, bad diet
Hyperparathyroidism
Older gals
Hypoparathyroidism
Abnormal development
Destruction
Low vitamin D
Cushing
Steroid therapy or over activity of gland
HCM
Youngsters
